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Praxis > Praxis PLT > Flashcards

Praxis PLT Flashcards

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1
Q

Behaviorism

A

thought process cannot be directly observed

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3
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

learn from others

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4
Q

self-regulation

A

take charge and direct their own actions

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5
Q

information processing theory

A

inside learners

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6
Q

constructivism

A

people create knowledge from observation and experiences

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8
Q

sociocultural theory

A

social, cultural, and historical contexts

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9
Q

classical conditioning

A

Pavlov’s dogs salivate

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10
Q

operant conditioning

A

Skinner rats push lever for food

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11
Q

social learning theory

A

Bandura toy doll experiment

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12
Q

constructivism

A

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

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13
Q

Assimilation

A

(Piaget constructivism) new experiences that is consistent with present scheme

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14
Q

Accommodation

A

(Piaget constructivism) new experiences that is not consistent with present scheme

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15
Q

Vygotsky

A

Sociocultural theory- Zone of proximal development w/scaffolding

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16
Q

Cognitive-development theory

A

Stages, Many are constructivist, Piaget and Kohlberg

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17
Q

Nativism

A

behaviors are biologically built in

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18
Q

Psychodynamic theory

A

focuses on personality development, early experiences can have significant effects on development

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19
Q

sensorimotor

A

0-2 years

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20
Q

preoperational

A

2-7 years

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21
Q

concrete operational

A

7-11 year

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22
Q

formal operational

A

11+

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23
Q

Dev Infancy

A

Dev Birth-2

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24
Q

Dev childhood

A

dev 2-6

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25
Q

dev middle childhood

A

dev 6-10

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26
Q

dev early adolescence

A

dev 10-14

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27
Q

dev late adolescence

A

dev 14-18

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28
Q

Graphic Organizer

A

A visual aid to help organize information.

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29
Q

Student Centered

A

Learning target focused on the student and his or her performance.

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30
Q

Discovery Learning

A

A constructivist approach to teaching in which students are encouraged to discover principles for themselves.

31
Q

Reflect, Revise, Re-Teach

A

Post teaching strategy to help fix problems and gain the best results for students.

32
Q

Intentionality

A

Doing things for a purpose; teachers who use intentionality plan their actions based on the outcomes they want to achieve.

33
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

One’s belief in his or her own ability. (Bandura)

34
Q

Formative Assessment

A

Assessment used throughout teaching of a lesson and/or unit to gauge students’ understanding and inform and guide teaching.

35
Q

Summative Assessment

A

Evaluation at the conclusion of a unit.

36
Q

Informal Assessment

A

Ongoing classroom activities focused on individual achievements.

37
Q

Formal Assessment

A

The process of systematically gathering the same kind of information from every student.

38
Q

Developmentally Appropriate

A

Tasks that are suitable to a child given his/her age and interests.

39
Q

IDEA

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

40
Q

IEP

A

The Individual Education Plan developed for each child eligible for special education, based on the child’s unique needs.

41
Q

FAPE

A

All children must receive a free, appropriate public education at public expense. Principle of IDEA.

42
Q

LRE

A

Least Restrictive Environment.

43
Q

Constructivism

A

Theoretical perspective proposing that learners construct, rather than absorb, knowledge from their experiences.

44
Q

Transfer

A

Application of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation.

45
Q

Metacognition

A

The awareness of one’s own cognitive process. (Thinking about thinking)

46
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

In Vygotsky’s theory, a range of tasks too difficult for a child to do alone but possible with the help of more-skilled partners.

47
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

48
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.

49
Q

Readiness

A

The extent to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task.

50
Q

Bloom’s Taxonomy

A

Knowledge > Comprehension > Application > Analysis > Synthesis > Evaluation

51
Q

Schema

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

52
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

When one becomes dependant on others and beginning to think that you have no ability to do for yourself.

53
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

(Skinner) A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punishment.

54
Q

Direct Instruction

A

Teacher-centered instruction which includes lecture, presentation, and recitation.

55
Q

State Standards

A

Explicit statements specifying what students are expected to learn.

56
Q

Essential Question

A

A provocative question designed to engage student interest and guide inquiry into the important ideas in a field of study.

57
Q

Backward Design

A

A process for designing a curriculum or unit by beginning with the end in mind and designing toward that end.

58
Q

Scope and Sequence

A

Scope is what you are covering and sequence is when you are covering it.

59
Q

Validity

A

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

60
Q

Reliability

A

The extent to which a test yields consistent results.

61
Q

Stanine

A

Divide distribution of scores into 9 equal intervals (1=low, 9=high).

62
Q

Brown vs. Board of Education

A

1954 - Ruled that racial segregation in public schools was not equal, so could not occur.

63
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to 2) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

64
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from 2 to 6 or 7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

65
Q

Concrete Operations Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from 7-11) of cognitive development, in which adult-like logic appears but is limited to concrete reality.

66
Q

Formal Operations Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (ages 11 or 12 and beyond), which is characterized by the ability to apply logical thinking to abstract problems and hypothetical situations.

67
Q

Assimilation

A

In the theories of Jean Piaget: Attaching old schema to a new object.

68
Q

With-It-Ness

A

Awareness of what is happening in your classroom.

69
Q

Objectives

A

What students must know after a lesson.

70
Q

Norm-Referenced Test

A

A test that evaluates each individual relative to a normative group.

71
Q

Criterion-Referenced Test

A

A test that measures achievement according to a predetermined standard.

Praxis (15 decks)

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