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brain, mind and behaviour > Theoretical Models of Memory > Flashcards

Theoretical Models of Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

How can memory be damaged?

A

Memory can be damaged in different ways depending on the area damaged. This shows memory has different components and that memory involves different areas of the brain. Also, that memory includes cognitive processes.

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2
Q

What is the cause of amnesia?

A

The cause of amnesia is damage to hippocampus.

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3
Q

What happens if the hippocampus is damaged?

A

If the hippocampus is damaged it causes amnesia.

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4
Q

Why is brain imaging good?

A

Brain imaging allows us to test on both healthy people and people with brain injuries. But brain imaging is correlational so you cannot infer anything.

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5
Q

Why is brain imaging bad?

A

Brain imaging is good because it can be done on both healthy people and people with brain injuries. But it is bad because it is correlational so you cannot infer anything from brain imaging.

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6
Q

Evaluate EEG/ERP

A

EEG/ERP has good timing but poor at identifying location (spatial resolution)

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7
Q

what does EEG stand for?

A

EEG is Electroencephalography

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8
Q

What does ERP stand for?

A

ERP is event related potential

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9
Q

What are the advantages of EEG/ERP?

A

EEG/ERP is good because it has good timing but poor at locating location (spatial)

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10
Q

What are the disadvantages of EEG/ERP?

A

The disadvantages of EEG/ERP is poor at detecting location.

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11
Q

What does fMRI stand for?

A

fMRI is functional magnetic resonance imaging.

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12
Q

Evaluate fMRI.

A

fMRI is good because it is good at detecting location but poor timing.

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13
Q

What are the advantages of fMRI?

A

fMRI is good at detecting location but poor time.

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of fMRI?

A

fMRI or functional magnetic resonance imaging is good at detecting location but has poor timing.

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15
Q

What does memory involve?

A

Memory involves a large number of brain structures. Memory has independent components.

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16
Q

What does it show when you say memory can damaged in different ways and different areas of the brain?

A

Memory can be damaged in different ways depending on area of brain damaged. This shows us that memory involves many areas in the brain and that memory has independent components to it. Also, memory involves cognitive processes like attention.

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17
Q

What is involved when remembering something?

A

Memory involves other cognitive processes like attention.

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18
Q

What areas of the brain are involved in memory?

A

Hippocampus which is important for formation and retrieval of memories. Pre-frontal cortex which controls and organises memories.

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19
Q

What is an explicit test?

A

explicit test is conscious recall. person is asked to remember a list of words and later, participant is asked to recall the words

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20
Q

What is an implicit test?

A

Implicit test measures unconscious test, person is instructed to think of the first thing that comes to mind.

21
Q

What are the two ways to show that there are different components of memory?

A

there are two ways to show that there are different components of memory including stochastic independence and functional independence.

Stochastic independence = lack of correlation.
Functional independence = is introducing manipulation in experimental study

22
Q

Definition of stochastic independence.

A

stochastic independence is one way of showing that memory has different components. stochastic independence is lack of correlation.

23
Q

Definition of functional independence.

A

functional independence is one way of demonstrating that memory has different components. functional independence is introducing manipulation in experimental study.

The two ways of demonstrating that memory has different components is stochastic independence and functional independence.

24
Q

What does stochastic independence and functional independence show?

A

stochastic independence and functional independence are 2 ways of demonstrating that memory has independent components.

Stochastic independence = lack of correlation.
functional independence = is introducing manipulation to experimental studies.

25
Q

What kind of research can we do on healthy populations to understand memory?

A

we can do correlational studies on healthy populations to understand memory.

26
Q

What is short term memory?

A

Short term memory is holding a limited amount of information in your mind for a short period of time.

Long term memory is storing information in your brain for an extended period of time and being able to retrieve it.

27
Q

What is long term memory?

A

Long term memory is storing information in your mind for an extended period of time and can be retrieved.

Short term memory is holding limited information in your mind for a short period of time.

28
Q

What is prospective memory?

A

Prospective memory is remembering to do something.

Retrospective memory is remembering that you have done something.

29
Q

What is retrospective memory?

A

Retrospective memory is remembering that you have done something.

Prospective memory is remembering to do something.

30
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

Episodic memory is being able to relive a moment.

Semantic memory is general knowledge/knowing something.

31
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

Semantic memory is general knowledge or knowing something.

Episodic memory is being able to relive a moment.

32
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

procedural memory happens automatically, it is unconscious.

declarative memory is conscious memory.

33
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Declarative memory is conscious

Procedural memory is automatic and happens unconsciously.

34
Q

Can memories move?

A

Memories can move from one classification into another.

35
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Declarative memory is conscious memory. declarative memory or conscious memory can be divided into episodic memory and semantic memory.

36
Q

What is non-declarative memory?

A

Non-declarative/procedural memory is unconscious memory and happens automatically.

37
Q

How does declarative memory and non-declarative memory work?

A

Declarative (conscious) memory and non-declarative (unconscious) memory works along side each other in parallel to support behaviour. So, conscious and unconscious memory works alongside each other to support behaviour.
Declarative is conscious and non-declarative is unconscious.
Declarative memory can be divided into episodic memory and semantic memory.

38
Q

How would you describe declarative memory?

A

Declarative memory is conscious memory. Declarative memory is effortful, uses resources. Declarative memory can be divided into semantic and episodic memory. Declarative memory and non-declarative memory works together in parallel to support behaviour.

39
Q

What can declarative memory be divided into?

A

Declarative memory or conscious memory can be divided into episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory is being able to relive a moment. Semantic memory is knowing something e.g. general knowledge.

40
Q

What can long term memory be divided into?

A

Long term memory can be divided into declarative and non-declarative memory.

41
Q

What is important for episodic memory?

A

Hippocampus is important for episodic memory, hippocampus is known as the hub for episodic memory.

42
Q

How is hippocampus involved in memory?

A

Hippocampus is important for formation and retrieval of memories.

43
Q

What is hippocampus described as?

A

Hippocampus is described as the hub for episodic memory.

44
Q

What areas of the brain are involved in formation of memory?

A

The areas that are involved in memory include the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Hippocampus is important for formation and retrieval of memories. Prefrontal cortex controls and organises memory. Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex work together in memory.

45
Q

What is the site of plasticity?

A

Hippocampus is the site of plasticity.

46
Q

What is hippocampus the site of?

A

Hippocampus is the site of plasticity.

47
Q

What does pre-frontal cortex do?

A

Prefrontal cortex controls and organises memories.

48
Q

Definition of memory

A

Memory is a cognitive process that is distributed across the brain.

49
Q

How can you separate different components of memory out?

A

You can separate different components of memory by doing:

  • brain imaging studies.
  • brain injury studies
  • cognitive experimental studies

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