Pain

Question 1

Nociception

Answer 1

is the ability to detect and respond to noxious stimulus. nociception is the detection of pain

Question 2

Noxious stimuli

Answer 2

is stimuli that is potentially damaging to tissue.

Question 3

what happens when cells are damaged?

Answer 3

potassium is released when cells are damaged.

Question 4

A-delta fibres

Answer 4

is for fast pain and is myelinated.

Question 5

C-fibre

Answer 5

is for slow pain and is non-myelinated

Question 6

what is the difference between myelinated and non-myelinated fibres?

Answer 6

myelinated fibres are fasters than non myelinated fibres.

Question 7

myelination

Answer 7

is the formation of myelin sheath.

Question 8

what is the smallest organism that can detect pain?

Answer 8

single cell organisms can detect noxious stimuli in the environment. But single cell organisms cannot experience pain.

Question 9

why can single cell organisms not experience pain?

Answer 9

single cell organisms do not have nervous systems to interpret the noxious stimuli.

Question 10

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 10

is a tract that carries information about pain to the brain. it is in the spinal cord.

Question 11

Pain Matrix

Answer 11

pain matrix are multiple areas of the brain that process pain. As there are no single area of the brain that process pain.

Question 12

what is included in the pain matrix.

Answer 12

anterior cingulate cortex, ínsula, thalamus.

Question 13

Pain

Answer 13

is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual/potential tissue damage.

Question 14

what is pain always?

Answer 14

• Pain is always an unpleasant experience.
• Pain is always subjective.
• Pain is an emotional experience.
• Pain is a psychological state.

Question 15

Does tissue damage cause pain?

Answer 15

Tissue damage does not always cause pain. Pain is likely to occur if you have tissue damage. But pain can occur without tissue damage and you can have tissue damage without pain.

Question 16

What is the correlation between pain and tissue damage?

Answer 16

there is a strong correlation between pain and tissue damage as you are likely to have pain if you have tissue damage. But this is not always the case as you can have pain without tissue damage and you can have tissue damage without pain.

Question 17

Does tissue damage cause pain?

Answer 17

Tissue damage does not cause pain as you can have tissue damage without pain and you can have pain without any tissue damage.

Question 18

what is the interaction in pain?

Answer 18

Pain is a sensory and emotional experience as pain is an intense sensation with a negative affect.

Question 19

why do people respond differently to the same pain stimulus?

Answer 19

• internal factors like sex, culture and personality characteristics
• external factors like situational factors and automatic evaluation.

Question 20

Benefits of pain (external LOC)

Answer 20

• alleviation of obligations.
• alleviations of responsibilities.
• support from others.
• physical assistance.
• possible financial gain.

Question 21

Disadvantages of pain (internal LOC)

Answer 21

• removal of obligations.
• removal of responsibilities.
• loss of personal control.
• possible financial loss.
• loss of autonomy (being able to make decisions).