Theoretical Models, Motivational Interviewing, Therapeutic Alliance Flashcards
list the 6 components of the health belief model (HBM)
- perceived susceptibility
- perceived severity
- perceived benefits
- perceived barriers
- cues to action
- self-efficacy
define perceived susceptibility and describe ways you can utilize it
one’s belief of the chances of getting a condition
- define population(s) at risk and their risk levels
- personalize risk based on a person’s traits or behaviors
define perceived severity and describe ways you can utilize it
one’s beliefs of how serious a condition and its consequences are
- specify and describe consequence of pt risk and condition
define perceived benefits and describe ways you can utilize it
one’s beliefs in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact
- define action to take
- clarify the positive effects to be expected
- describe evidence of effectiveness
define perceived barriers and describe ways to utilize it
one’s beliefs in the tangible and psychological costs of the advised behavior
- identify and reduce barriers through: reassurances, incentives, and assistance
define “cues to action” and describe ways to utilize it
strategies to activate “readiness”
- provide how-to-information
- promote awareness
- provide remainders
define self-efficacy and describe ways to utilize it
confidence in one’s ability to take action
- provide training, guidance, and positive reinforcement
what is the strongest predictor for preventive health behaviors within HBM?
high perceived susceptibility
what is the strongest predictor for “sick-role” behaviors in HBM?
low perceived benefits
List challenges to the Health Belief Model
- Careful not to “blame the victim”
- Be aware that the HBM uses “appropriate fear-based messages” in order to facilitate perceived susceptibility and severity
- The HBM is best used for a relatively short intervention to achieve a specific change. It may be less effective in achieving long-term change
the transtheoretical/stages of change model is broken down into what?
2 dimensions:
stages of change
process of change
List the stages of change in the transtheoretical/stages of change model
- Precontemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation
- Action
- Maintenance
- Termination
describe the precontemplation stage
(not ready) - person is not serious about and are not considering change
- often uninformed or under informed about consequences
- multiple unsuccessful attempts at change can lead to demoralization
describe the contemplation stage of change
(getting ready) - person seriously considering change
- aware of pros of changing, but acutely aware of cons
- weighting between costs and benefits of changing can lead to remaining in this stage for long periods of time
describe the preparation stage of change
(ready) - person intends to take action in the next month
- typically, already taken steps in the past year
- individuals in this stage have a plan of action
describe the action stage of change
stage in which people have made modifications in their lifestyles within the past 6 months
- recently completed action with intention of reducing risk of a disease or injury
describe the maintenance stage of change
stage in which people make modifications in their lifestyle to prevent relapse
- lapse vs relapse
- ID relapse not as a failure to change but an opportunity to learn
- as time progresses temptation to relapse reduces and confidence grows
- for many this stage can last forever
describe the termination stage of change
behavior change is complete
- behavior change is so complete that they reach point of “zero temptation and 100% self-efficacy”
list the concepts in the process of change
- consciousness-raising
- dramatic relief
- environmental re-evaluation
- self re-evaluation
- self-liberation
- societal liberation
- countering-conditioning
- stimulus control
- contingency management
- helping relationships
define and describe the concept of consciousness-raising
- Definition → finding and learning new facts and suggestions which support change
- stage of change → contemplation
- examples:
- reading a book/article, talking w/medical pro, talking w/friend
define and describe the concept of dramatic relief
- Definition → experiencing and expressing negative feelings about one’s problem
- stage of change → precontemplation
- example
- writing in a journal, communicating w/friends or spouse
define and describe the concept of environmental re-evaluation
- Definition → assessing how one’s problems affects the physical environment
- stage of change → precontemplation
- example
- realizing second-hand smoke may affect non-smoking children, friends, and spouse
define and describe the concept of self re-evaluation
- Definition → realizing that the behavioral change is part of one’s identity
- stage of change → precontemplation, contemplation
- example
- seeing yourself as a fit person, or seeing yourself make nutritious decisions
define and describe the concept of self-liberation
- Definition → choosing and committing to act on a belief that change is possible, accepting responsibility for change
- stage of change → preparation
- example
- making a New Year’s resolution
