Population Health Flashcards
how does healthcare expenditures in the USA compare to other developed countries?
it is significantly higher compared to other developed countries
how does the USA’s healthcare outcomes compare to other developed countries?
even though the USA spends more the outcomes are generally not any better
list 3 determinants/factors that affect the health of individuals and communities
- social and economic environment
- physical environment
- person’s individual characteristics and behaviors
define “social determinants of health”
conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live and age, and the wider set of forces and systems, development, agendas, social norms, social policies, and political systems
i.e. the context of people’s lives that impact/determine their health
list the 5 most common social determinants of health
- neighborhood and physical environment
- health and healthcare
- social and community context
- education
- economic stability
T/F: where you are born doesn’t matter and won’t influence your health
FALSE
lower income families are more likely to live in places with greater risks
list ways low income neighborhoods can impact health
- high crime rates
- substandard housing
- few or no decent medical services nearby
- low-quality schools
- little recreation
- almost no stores selling wholesome foods
- greater amount of liquor stores per capita in low income neighborhoods
T/F: inadequate health care estimated to account for 10% of premature deaths overall
TRUE
this includes lack of access and poor quality care
only ______ of the US adult population have proficient health literacy
12%
decreased health literacy is associated with what?
- decreased preventative care
- confusion of medication use and D/C instructions
- increased emergency room use
- overall poorer health
define structural inequities
structures or systems of society (such as finance, housing, transportation, education, social opportunities, etc.) that are structured in such a way that they benefit one population unfairly (whether intended or not)
define health equity and structural racism
structural racism is the normalization of an array of dynamics (historical, cultural, institutional and interpersonal) that routinely advantage white people while producing cumulative and chronic adverse outcomes for people of color and American Indians
Education includes availability and access to educational resources as well as educational outcomes such as:
- Availability and education resources:
- early childhood education and development
- up-to-date textbooks and course materials
- student-to-teacher ratios
- Outcomes:
- language skills
- literacy
- high school graduation rates
- enrollment rates in higher education
individuals in USA w/o a high-school diploma are:
3x more likely to smoke and nearly 3x as likely to not engage in leisure-time physical exercise as compared with college graduates
more education equals:
- less anxiety and depression
- fewer functional limitations
- less likely to report poor health
- reduced risk of serious diseases:
- diabetes
- cancer
- CV disease
- asthma
what does economic stability refer to?
various economic factors that influence health outcomes such as:
- employment rates
- poverty rates
- food insecurity
- housing instability
what is population health?
focuses on the determinants which have the most influence on the health population
list some practical tips on how to incorporate prevention into your practice
- know your setting
- provide recommendations accordingly
- look for “teachable moments”
- cover what you can; prioritize
- you do not always have to do it all
- make notes if you cannot cover it all
- document needs for future visits
- collaborate with colleagues across disciplines to incorporate prevention in a variety of settings
what is community?
a group of people who:
- are linked by social ties
- share common perspectives or interests
- may or may not share a geographic location
what are the advantages of community health for practitioners?
- can reach more than one patient at a time
- broader impact on health
- more cost effective
effective and well-developed community health programs can have a sustained impact on the health of a community
list fundamentals for working with the community
- understand community context/geography
- respect social customs
- respect cultural beliefs and behaviors
- recognize that people communicate differently
- be approachable
- observe community etiquette
- work towards becoming culturally competent
what is Healthy People?
a national agenda that communicates a vision and overarching goals, supported by topic areas and specific objectives for improving the population’s health and achieving health equity
