Mental and Social Wellness Flashcards
1
Q
What is family wellness comprised of?
A
- adult relations and marriage
- children and parenting
- family economics
- communication and conflict resolution
- stress and coping
- violence and safety
2
Q
What is intellectual wellness comprised of?
A
- perception of being internally energized by an optimal amount of intellectually stimulating activity
- Intellectual overload/underload can adversely affect health
- intellectual wellness linked to individuals being more sociable and engaged in their environment
3
Q
what is occupational wellness comprised of?
A
- not restricted to employment or job but also includes leisure activities
- achieving balance between work and leisure
- volunteerism can produce a strong sense of occupational wellness
4
Q
describe spiritual wellness
A
- research on spiritual wellness is rooted in existential well-being
- supports importance of a purpose for life and mental wellness but does not mandate a belief in unifying force
- positively correlated with feelings of connectedness, coping beliefs, and self-esteem
- negatively correlated with depression, loneliness
5
Q
describe social wellness
A
- perception of having support available from family or friends
- social support is linked to morbidity and mortality
- social support is positively correlated with overall life satisfaction
6
Q
what is hardiness/grit?
A
- personality style characterized by a perception of problems as challenges rather than as threats
- sense of control rather than powerlessness
- women → hardiness is correlated with age, education level, and martial status
- hardy people tend to remain healthier
- hardiness and exercise combined for more favorable affect on health than either alone
7
Q
define external and internal locus of control
A
- external locus of control → events outside our personal control (i.e. luck, fate, or other external circumstance)
- internal locus of control → what we do
8
Q
high sense of external locus of control feel _________________________
A
successes or failures controlled by outside forces
9
Q
high internal locus of control __________________
A
feel oneself is responsible for success or failures
10
Q
T/F: best to have a balance between external and internal locus of control
A
TRUE
11
Q
define self-esteem
A
confidence in one’s worth or abilities
one of the strongest predictors of general well-being
12
Q
define self-worth
A
self-esteem is an important component of self-worth which consists of:
- self-concept
- self confidence
- self-efficacy
13
Q
what is self-concept
A
individual’s evaluation and appraisal of themselves. comprised of personal feelings about:
- abilities
- limitations
- strength
- weakness
14
Q
self-concept develops from:
A
- image that others reveal use
- comparisons we make between ourselves and others
- way we interpret and assess our behaviors and thoughts
15
Q
define self-confidence
A
belief that we can successfully execute a specific activity or task
16
Q
define self-efficacy
A
a specific form of self-confidence based on a situation
17
Q
half of all chronic mental illness begins by ______
A
age 14
three-quarters by age 24
18
Q
what are the consequences of lack of treatment of mental wellness issues?
A
- serious mental illness costs America over 193.2 billion in lost earnings per year
- individuals living with serious mental illness face an increased risk of having chronic medical conditions
- adults in the US living with serious mental illness die on average 25 years earlier than others
- smoking, alcohol consumption, and unsafe behaviors such as IV drug use and unprotected sex are common contributors to the early death
19
Q
T/F: PTs rarely encounter patients with mental wellness concerns daily
A
FALSE
we encounter them daily
- 20% people with osteoarthritis have depression or anxiety
- 33% of stroke pts have depression
- 38% of people with frailty have depression
20
Q
what are the 2 item screening questions for depression?
A
- during the past month, have you often been bothered by feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
- during the past month, have you often been bothered by little interest or pleasure in doing things?
21
Q
describe the general anxiety disorder-7
A
- Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems?
- feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge
- not being able to stop or control worrying
- worrying too much about different things
- trouble relaxing
- being so restless that it’s hard to sit still
- becoming easily annoyed or irritable
- feeling afraid as if something awful might happen
- how difficult have these problems made it for you to do your work, take care of things at home, or get along with other people?
22
Q
define anxiety
A
duration, frequency, intensity of worry that is out of proportion to actual likelihood or impact of feared event
23
Q
with anxiety, an individual will have difficulty controlling the worry and three of the following additional symptoms:
A
- difficulty concentrating
- disturbed sleep
- irritability
- restlessness
- muscle tension
- easily fatigued
24
Q
how can we help with anxiety?
A
- help to ID triggers (internal/external)
- review breathing and relaxation tools
- encourage positive coping statements
- build in small steps
- allow pt to control pace
25
what is adjustment disorder?
1. stress-related condition
2. experience more stress than would normally be expected in response to a stressful or unexpected event
3. categorized as with or without depressed mood, anxiety, and or disturbance of conduct
26
how can we help with adjustment disorder?
1. provide emotional support
2. help get back to normal routine
3. encourage positive coping statements
4. help with stress-management and coping skills
27
what is stress?
a disturbance, whether real or not, between demands of situation and the resources of the person's physiological, psychological or social systems
* affected by prior experiences and aspects of current situation
28
how can we help with stress?
1. exercise
2. talk
3. relaxation techniques
4. encourage healthy eating
5. encourage good sleeping habits
29
what is depression?
5 or more symptoms present continuously for \>2 weeks:
1. diminished interest or pleasure
2. significant weight loss or weight gain
3. decrease/increase in appetite
4. insomnia or hypersomnia
5. psychomotor agitation or retardation
6. fatigue or loss of energy
7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
8. diminished ability to think or concentrate
9. recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt or plan
may be a single episode, episodic, cyclical with periods of mania
30
how can we help with depression?
1. help to ID support (MD, mental health, clergy)
2. set small, short-term goals to build momentum and sense of success
3. encourage small steps
4. enlist family/friends support
5. offer group activity
31
what is low self-esteem?
1. do not feel good about themselves
2. can adversely impact pts ability to participate and benefit from physical therapy
32
list factors that can influence self-esteem
1. your own thoughts and perceptions
2. how other people react to you
3. experiences at home, school, work and in the community
4. illness, disability or injury
5. culture or religion
6. role and status in society
7. media messages
33
how can we help with low self-esteem?
1. assist in problem solving
2. provide emotional support
3. be available to talk
4. do not tell them how to think
34
describe dementia
1. multiple cognitive deficits
1. memory impairment
2. aphasia
3. apraxia
4. agnosia
5. executive function
2. deficits cause significant social or occupational impairment
3. may improve over time, remain static or decline depending on cause
35
list symptoms of dementia
1. loss of impulse control
2. reduced capacity for logical reasoning and concept formation
3. reduced control of aggressive and sexual impulses
4. increased self-centeredness
5. emotional liability: sadness, irritability, combativeness, inappropriate elation
6. mania: abnormal elevation, restless, intrusive, meddlesome
7. delusions and hallucinations
8. reduced ability to learn
36
how can we help with dementia?
1. limit competing stimuli
2. keep info basic
3. emphasize procedural learning
4. emphasize routine and repetition
5. encourage prosthetic environment
37
what is PTSD?
individual who has been exposed to a traumatic event develops anxiety symptoms, re-experiencing of the event, avoidance symptoms, hyperarousal
38
how can we help with PTSD?
1. be sensitive to trauma stimuli that may be present in therapy activity
2. review coping/relaxation strategies
3. provide pt with choices to maintain sense of control
4. encourage staying connected to current feelings and situation “let me know how this is feeling for you”
39
what is antisocial personality disorder?
pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of rights of others
requires 3 or more of the following:
1. failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behavior
2. deceitfulness
3. impulsivity
4. irritability and aggressiveness
5. reckless disregard for safety
6. consistent irresponsibility
7. lack of remorse
40
how can we help with antisocial personality disorder?
1. consistency and dependability are key
2. maintain well-defined professional boundaries
3. anticipate acting out and set supportive limits on the behavior
4. encourage goals that are meaningful to pt and have immediate benefits
5. review goals and focus of therapy regularly
6. monitor your own feelings
7. maintain team cohesion
41
list sources of anger
1. fear
2. pain
3. stress
4. loss of control
5. failed expectations
6. loss of face
7. brain dysfunction
8. sadness
9. guilt
10. learned behavior
