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Wellness and Prevention > Drug Wellness > Flashcards

Drug Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

what does Pharmaceutical and Drug Wellness include?

A
  1. knowledge regarding prescribed med use and potential interactions
  2. knowledge about dangers of improper prescription drug use
  3. abstaining from illegal drugs use and tobacco, and not abusing alcohol
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2
Q

nearly _____ of people in the US take at least one prescribed meds

A

60-70%

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3
Q

primary legal drugs that are abused

A

alcohol, tobacco

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4
Q

list primary prescription drugs that are abused

A
  1. opioids
  2. fentanyl
  3. CNS depressants (often for sleep or anxiety disorders)
  4. stimulants
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5
Q

primary illegal drugs that are abused

A
  1. marijuana (check your state as may not be illegal)
  2. heroin
  3. cocaine
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6
Q

what is considered moderate alcohol consumption?

A

drink = 12 oz beer, 5 oz wine, 1.5 oz hard liquor

  • 1 drink per day for women
  • 2 drinks per day for men
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7
Q

what is considered binge drinking?

A

drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration to 0.08 or greater in about 2 hours

  • 4 drinks for women
  • 5 drinks for men
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8
Q

what is defined as heavy alcohol use?

A

binge drinking on 5 or more days in the past month

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9
Q

T/F: alcohol abuse also occurs when individuals cannot restrict their alcohol intake

A

TRUE

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10
Q

T/F: tobacco use only pertains to cigarettes and cigars

A

FALSE

using any form of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, vape pens, smokeless tobacco)

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11
Q

how much is too much caffeine?

A

exceeding 300 mg per day

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12
Q

list common caffeine levels

A
  • 8 oz coffee → 65-120 mg
  • 8 oz energy drink → 50-200 mg
  • 8 oz tea → 20-90 mg
  • 12 oz soft drink → 30-60 mg
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13
Q

T/F: people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are more likely to seek care for an alcohol-related medical problem, rather than specifically for drinking

A

TRUE

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14
Q

T/F: research shows that alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) is not effective at reducing risky drinking

A

FALSE
it is effective

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15
Q

what does alcohol screening and brief intervention invovle?

A
  1. validated set of screening questions
  2. short conversations with pts who are identified as drinking too much
  3. referral to treatment as appropriate
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16
Q

it is suggested that everyone be screened for alcohol abuse ________ and include everyone except ________

A
  1. annually
  2. children under 9 and pts too ill to answer screening questions
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17
Q

list several screening instruments for alcohol abuse

A
  1. Single question alcohol screen
  2. AUDIT-3
  3. AUDIT-10
18
Q

describe the single question alcohol screen

A

“how many times in the past year have you had _____ or more drinks in day?

(5 for men and 4 for women)

pts reported having exceeded the defined number of drinks >1x within the past year are considered positive

19
Q

list the advantages and limitations of the single question alcohol screen

A
  1. Advantages
    1. very short
    2. quick to administer orally
    3. easy to remember
    4. simple to score
  2. Limitations
    1. some individuals who do not drink enough in a single day may drink enough to exceed weekly drinking limits
20
Q

what are the basic elements of a brief intervention for alcohol abuse?

A
  1. intervention is best delivered same visit as screening
  2. introduce intervention first by introducing yourself and stating your goal
  3. time → 5-15 minutes of simple advice by a health professional shown to reduce drinking in pts
21
Q

list the elements of brief intervention for alcohol SBI

A
  1. compare their screening results to risky drinking levels
  2. discuss influence alcohol use can have on existing condition
  3. have pt ID likes and dislikes regarding drinking
  4. listen carefully and mirror back
  5. ask if they would like medical advice
  6. listen to change talk
  7. provide options the pts can choose from
  8. make referrals for dependent pts
  9. thank all pts
22
Q

list additional resources that are available for pts with alcohol problems

A
  1. the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) supports alcohol treatment services
  2. AA is listed in nearly all local telephone directories in the country
  3. Your practice should also establish contacts with local psychologists, counselors, and hospitals that provide services that would benefit your pts who need additional help
23
Q

list some benefits of quitting smoking

A
  1. within 20 min → HR and BP drop
  2. within 12 hours → CO level in blood drops to normal levels
  3. 2-12 weeks → circulation improves and lung function increases
  4. 1-9 months → coughing and SOB decreases
  5. 1 year → risk of coronary heart disease is about ½ of a smoker
  6. 10 years → risk of lung cancer falls to about half of a smoker, risk of mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, and pancreatic cancer decreases
  7. 15 years → risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker
  8. quitting after a heart attack reduces the chance of a second heart attack by 50%
24
Q

what are the 3 main challenges to quitting smoking?

A
  1. physical addiction
  2. emotion/psychological connections
  3. behavior and social connections
25
Q

T/:F collaborating with the pt on quitting is not as effective as offering advice

A

FALSE
collaborating with pt is proven to be more effective than advice

26
Q

what is the 5As and 5Rs?

A
  1. a tobacco cessation program developed by the WHO
    1. intended to be brief
    2. intended for all health pros
  2. framework for delivering brief motivational interviewing
  3. affective in helping with healthy lifestyle adoption
  4. 5As = ready to quit
  5. 5Rs = not ready to quit
27
Q

List and describe the 5As

A
  1. Ask → systematically ID all tobacco users at every visit
  2. Advise → persuade all tobacco users that they need to quit
  3. Assess → determine readiness to make a quit attempt
  4. Assist → help the pt with a quit plan
  5. Arrange → schedule follow-up contacts or a referral to a specialist support, referral for med prescription
28
Q

list and describe the 5Rs

A
  1. Relevance → encourage pt to indicate how quitting is personally relevant
  2. Risks → encourage pt to ID negative consequences of tobacco use that are relevant
  3. Rewards → ask pt to ID potential relevant benefits of stopping tobacco use
  4. Roadblocks → ask pt to ID barriers and provide edu, trx, or referrals to address barriers
  5. Repetition → repeat assessment of readiness to quit. If still not ready to quit repeat intervention at a later date
29
Q

list actions and strategies for

A
  1. Action → examine health behavior via subjective and/or objective methods
  2. strategies for implementation
    1. use info from intake forms, subjective exam, or objective exam
30
Q

list actions and strategies for the advise portion of the 5As

A
  1. Action → share findings and address possibility of adopting health behavior
  2. Strategies
    1. share health behavior results (may not be at first visit) after addressing pt’s chief complaint
      1. ask permission
      2. summarize and link how adoption of health behavior may positively affect chief complaint
      3. end with open ended question
31
Q

list actions and strategies for implementing the Assess portion of the 5As

A
  1. Action → ask individual readiness and confidence to adopt a health behavior
  2. Strategies
    1. ask on scale 1-10 on how ready and confident they are to stop smoking.
32
Q

list actions and strategies for the assist portion of the 5As

A
  1. Action
    1. collaborate with pt to develop plan
    2. recommend appropriate providers
    3. provide appropriate resources
  2. Strategies
    1. use elicit-provide-elicit
    2. get start date, provide support and resources, encourage pt to seek social support
33
Q

list actions and strategies for arrange portion of the 5As

A
  1. Action
    1. arrange follow-up
    2. refer to appropriate provider
    3. reinforce behavior
  2. Strategies for implementation
    1. ask questions about progress during followup visits
    2. follow-up with providers you refer with so know what areas to reinforce to pt during PT visits
34
Q

list actions and strategies for the relevance portion of the 5Rs

A
  1. Action
    1. encourage pts to talk about why change is important
  2. Strategies for implementation
    1. use open-ended questions that elicit change talk
    2. reflect change talk
35
Q

list actions and strategies for the risks portion of the 5Rs

A
  1. Action
    1. encourage pt to discuss risk of unhealthy behavior
  2. Strategies for implementation
    1. use open ended questions to elicit change talk; need to ask first what they like about the unhealthy behavior then ask what they don’t like
    2. reflect change talk
36
Q

list actions and strategies for the rewards portion of 5Rs

A
  1. Action
    1. encourage pt to ID relevant benefits of adopting healthy behaviors
  2. Strategies for implementation
    1. use open ended questions that elicit change talk
    2. reflect change talk
37
Q

list actions and strategies for the road-blocks portion of 5Rs

A
  1. Action
    1. encourage pt to ID reasons that may impede adoption of healthy behaviors
  2. Strategies for implementation
    1. use open ended questions that elicit change talk
    2. reflect change talk
38
Q

list actions and strategies for the repetition portion of the 5Rs

A
  1. Action
    1. repeat assessment and readiness to quit
  2. Strategies for implementation
    1. can go back to assess from 5As
    2. could ask more open ended questions
    3. if not ready to change; acknowledge and offer help when ready
    4. if ready to change; go to assist and arrange steps in 5As
39
Q

list 5 facts about vaping

A
  1. vaping has less chemicals than cigarettes
  2. vaping is still bad for your health
  3. electronic cigarettes are just as addictive as traditional ones
  4. electronic cigarettes are not a good smoking cessation tool
  5. a new generation is getting hooked on nicotine thanks to electronic cigarettes
40
Q

E-cigarette use is associated with an increased risk of _________

A

stroke, heart attack, angina, and heart disease

41
Q

T/F: CDC reports that vaping with nicotine can permanently affect brain development in people under the age of 25

A

TRUE

42
Q

Describe the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10)

A
  • 10 item brief screening
  • take <8 minutes
  • assesses drug use, not including tobacco or alcohol, in the past 12 months
  • scoring → degree of problems related to drug abuse, suggested action
    • 0 = no problem, no action at this time
    • 1-2 = low level, monitor and re-asses at a later date
    • 3-5 = moderate level, further investigation
    • 6-8 = substantial level, intensive assessment
    • 9-10 = severe level, intensive assessment

Wellness and Prevention (15 decks)

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