Theo 107 Exam 2

Question 1

scapegoat

Answer 1

some object, usually an animal like a sheep or goat that is made to carry the guilt or sins of others

Question 2

revitalization ritual

Answer 2

these movements, along with their complex ritual activity that seek to revitalize a culture or a religion that is seen as dying or process of being lost

Question 3

rite of passage

Answer 3

rituals/ceremonies marking a transition of life such as birth, marriage, illness and death

Question 4

ideological rituals

Answer 4

rituals that seek social control by changing the mood, behavior, sentiments, motivations and values of people

Question 5

technological rituals

Answer 5

rituals that have as their goal producing or preventing change a of state in nature so that humans can benefit

Question 6

salvation rituals

Answer 6

rituals designed to change a person’s identity from a spiritually corrupt, polluted, sinful or lost one to a spiritually state of freedom from sin

Question 7

iconoclasm

Answer 7

removing of divine images

Question 8

non-representational art

Answer 8

art in a religious context that shows no anthropocentric visuals but instead can be geometric or symbols like writings

Question 9

sacramental principle

Answer 9

refers to the tendency of religions to invest objects/statues/ images with qualities of being sacred

Question 10

intereligious iconoclasm

Answer 10

when one religious group destroys another religious groups visual art

Question 11

intrareligious iconoclasm

Answer 11

when one religious group destroys their own visual art

Question 12

prophetic principle

Answer 12

refers to the term of separating the sacred from any material thing/image

Question 13

nomos

Answer 13

a view of the world as obeying an order of society sort of like a “law”

Question 14

anomie

Answer 14

a view of the world that is a chaotic society where order in absent

Question 15

eschatology

Answer 15

the end times

Question 16

naturalistic karma

Answer 16

idea that karma acts like a “law” or direct consequence in your next life and from your past life

Question 17

millenerianism

Answer 17

refers to any belief that expresses a savior that will come down and express a Utopian age

Question 18

theistic karma

Answer 18

idea that a deity has the power to control karma and is based on how he judges you

Question 19

deductive problem of evil

Answer 19

the idea that the premises that “God is good, God is all powerful, and Evil exists” cannot exist together

Question 20

soul-making

Answer 20

a theodicy that explains growth through suffering and developing with pain

Question 21

submission

Answer 21

a theodicy where you give up trying to make sense of evil in the world and believe in the mystery of divine rule

Question 22

protest

Answer 22

a theodicy that says there is so much suffering and pain that you can complain to the god or demand explanation of the pain

Question 23

morality

Answer 23

beliefs about what is right and wrong

Question 24

virtue ethics

Answer 24

an ethic that is focused on moral guides being the form of excellence to strive for and ex: “to be” this

Question 25

ethics

Answer 25

moral principles that govern people’s behavior

Question 26

duty ethics

Answer 26

the idea that we have moral obligations to do our duty and follow rules ex: “to do” this

Question 27

retribution

Answer 27

the idea that there will be rewards and punishments through a judgement day/karma

Question 28

Identifying

Answer 28

one of the five ways religions relate to morality where it tells us whats right and wrong

Question 29

legitimizing

Answer 29

one of the five ways religion relates to morality where it tells us why we have an obligation to follow rules

Question 30

motivating

Answer 30

one of the five ways religion relates to morality where it tells us how to live a moral life by (preaching/stories/instilling guilt/ promising retribution)

Question 31

renewing

Answer 31

one of the five ways religion relates to morality by instilling hope and providing opportunities for forgiveness

Question 32

criticizing

Answer 32

one of the five ways religion relates to morality that endorses a “higher” quality of morality or radical ideas

Question 33

sacred space

Answer 33

a place that is constructed by humans for religious purposes

Question 34

sacred place

Answer 34

a place that is a specific location that could be a natural land form for religious groups

Question 35

inductive problem of evil

Answer 35

the idea that there is too much evil in the world

Question 36

The Mahdi

Answer 36

a savior that will bring about the “Golden Age” in Islam

Question 37

Theodicies

Answer 37

the concepts to explain evil in the world

Question 38

participation theodicy

Answer 38

a theodicy individuals suffering is acceptable and meaningless as long as it betters the group and society

Question 39

recompense theodicy

Answer 39

a theodicy is explaining evil in a way that punishes the bad people

Question 40

free-will theodicy

Answer 40

a theodicy that evil exists because god gives us a choice to do what we want and we chose to do evil

Question 41

general definition of religious ritual

Answer 41

a symbolic action, repeated in specific ways/in specific places/a in sacred peoples

Question 42

anti/ therapeutic rituals

Answer 42

rituals about healing or bringing upon sickness

Question 43

Scapegoat deflecting

Answer 43

the idea that you put another groups identity onto the scapegoat and you get to enact violence onto it

Question 44

scapegoat substitution

Answer 44

the idea that you don’ t want to get punished but it has to happen so you put your sins onto a scapegoat and sacrifice it