Anth 318 Exam 1

Question 1

etic approach

Answer 1

representation of culture/ art from a universal perspective/ developments are bigger than the people themselves

Question 2

emic approach

Answer 2

representation of culture/art that highlights an insider view and meanings

Question 3

1851 Crystal Palace Exhibit

Answer 3

celebration of the world’s creations, started the first “worlds fair” and showed that Britain was thriving/ showed typology museum organization

Question 4

material culture

Answer 4

the world of things that people make, use, or buy

Question 5

object

Answer 5

contemporary material culture

Question 6

artifact

Answer 6

the material culture of earlier times

Question 7

expressive culture

Answer 7

term for activities involving manipulating symbolic forms to create meaning, produce absorption, and enact identity

Question 8

Particularists

Answer 8

theory about what objects can tell us in relation to its culture and context about the culture society itself, with detailed description

Question 9

universalist

Answer 9

theory about broad meanings of ideas and levels of development

Question 10

unilineal evolution perspective on material culture

Answer 10

the perspective of material culture used to create “levels of development” and how the use of certain resources show more or less sophistication (savagery/barbarism/civilization)

Question 11

franz boas approach to material culture

Answer 11

the perspective of material culture that rejects unilinealism and focuses on the in depth details of an object in relation to the society and its context, emic approach

Question 12

historical particular-ism

Answer 12

descriptive and theoretical approach to understanding objects in context of itself or “in situ”

Question 13

Whissler

Answer 13

curator at the museum of natural history and creator of culture areas

Question 14

culture area

Answer 14

the idea that you can map out or group similar areas with similar traits that might explain how traits evolved

Question 15

choreometrics

Answer 15

the relationship between movement and dance with the past modes of subsistence.

Question 16

Prown’s definition of “material”

Answer 16

something we involve with base/ pragmatic and concrete function of objects

Question 17

Prown’s definition of “culture’

Answer 17

something we define as lofty/ abstract function of objects in society

Question 18

Van Damme’s Anthropology A

Answer 18

all encompassing study of human beings

Question 19

Van Damme’s Anthropology B

Answer 19

usually the study of other cultures by westerners/ thus deals with visual arts of “non western culture”

Question 20

Van Damme’s Anthropology C

Answer 20

the overlapping of the 2/ deal with socio-cultural phenomena of art

Question 21

Dissaynake’s homo aestheticus

Answer 21

this anthropologist argues the human’s biological need for creating art which makes sense by combining evolutionary vocabulary with the idea of art

Question 22

Dissaynake’s definition of art

Answer 22

defines as a behavior or act of “making special” something

Question 23

comparison between play and art

Answer 23

both of these ideas don’t seem practical for surviving but do the job of socializing and give the ability for people to act out upon their fantasies

Question 24

Heraldic Woman

Answer 24

is an image of a woman in a birthing position that is flanked or in between two other objects that is present in various societies

Question 25

diffusionist theory

Answer 25

challenge to uni-lineal evolution, because it analyzes the migration of physical and cultural traits/themes from different societies that are cross-cultural

Question 26

Lewis-Williams theory

Answer 26

art comes from trance-like states and humans feel the need to reproduce the images seen in their brain into the real world

Question 27

Theory 1 about humans drawing

Answer 27

the theory that people started drawing the world around them to represent it and make sense of it

Question 28

theory 2 about humans drawing

Answer 28

the theory that people started drawing big animals to increase a successful hunt

Question 29

Creative Explosion

Answer 29

the time period of when humans first started to draw

Question 30

Pitt-Rivers Museum

Answer 30

a museum spawned from the crystal palace exhibition that officially grouped artifacts by type

Question 31

Typology Approach

Answer 31

specimens should be arranged in sequence and identify by evolution of civilization and "types"

Question 32

Functionalist

Answer 32

theory that art is the maintenance of human life and maintains order in society, such as hierarchy/ authority/ gender roles/ serves a functions

Question 33

Psychological Approach

Answer 33

theory that art is the window into a culturally shared personality orientation/ art reflects character formation

Question 34

Universal etic approach

Answer 34

symbolic behavior entails deep mental or psychological processes about which the creator is unconscious of

Question 35

Levi Strauss Structuralism

Answer 35

entails a search for deep unapparent innate structures or psycho-biological nature that are universal for all humans (dualism)

Question 36

Clifford Gertz and interpretive approach

Answer 36

an emic understanding of insider perspectives which is all about meaning and that art has levels of meaning that one can unpack to have a thick description of the object's meaning

Question 37

deep play

Answer 37

a theory by Gertz that analyzes games where the stakes are so high that no one rationally should partake (Balinese cock fights)