Arch Exam 1

Question 1

study of human impact and people through material remains

Answer 1

archeaology

Question 2

objects created or modified by human action

Answer 2

artifacts

Question 3

make conclusions that’s probable

Answer 3

inductive

Question 4

make conclusions that are from other statements that you assume are true

Answer 4

deductive

Question 5

exactly where something was left

Answer 5

primary context

Question 6

where objects have been moved

Answer 6

secondary context

Question 7

where an artifact is found

Answer 7

provenience

Question 8

history of an object

Answer 8

provance

Question 9

overall concepts such as evolutionary theory

Answer 9

high-level theory

Question 10

this concept links high and low theory through lower inferences

Answer 10

mid-level theory

Question 11

this concept that involves hard data or simple observations

Answer 11

low-level theory

Question 12

a group of artifacts all found near eachother

Answer 12

assemblages

Question 13

natural remains

Answer 13

ecofacts

Question 14

decayed stains of wooden support beams

Answer 14

post-holes

Question 15

domestic waste dump or pit

Answer 15

middens

Question 16

cultural materials within an existing, ongoing behavioral system, being handled or at least observed by real living people

Answer 16

systematic (cultural) context

Question 17

cultural materials that are no longer participating in a behavioral system and what purpose they’re created for, and only exist in the arch record

Answer 17

archaeological context

Question 18

deposition, reclamation,disturbance and reuse like a pot broke and now being melted for materials

Answer 18

cultural formation process

Question 19

deposition process like erosion, chemical fossilization or bioturbation

Answer 19

natural formation process

Question 20

alterations made to a site by little critters/ burrowing animals and insects

Answer 20

bioturbation

Question 21

alterations made by plants/roots and stems

Answer 21

floralturbation

Question 22

alterations made by the process of freezing and thawing

Answer 22

cyroturbation

Question 23

alterations made by the cycles of wet and dry conditions with cracks in the soil

Answer 23

argililliturbation

Question 24

alterations to a site by forcing materials downhill on a slope

Answer 24

graviturbation

Question 25

combining the results of individual survey projects to produce large scale regional views

Answer 25

extensive survey

Question 26

total coverage of a single site or site cluster

Answer 26

intensive

Question 27

employs a grid system or series of transects

Answer 27

systematic survey

Question 28

simply walking across an area

Answer 28

unsystematic

Question 29

removal of all bias and random computer generated selection

Answer 29

simple random sampling

Question 30

survey technique where they walk in straight paths and its better for rough terrain or long distances

Answer 30

transects

Question 31

an intrusive survey where you put a stick in the ground and get a sample of the subsurface

Answer 31

traditional probing

Question 32

type of aerial survey where its from a side view or angle

Answer 32

oblique

Question 33

a type of aerial survey where its from an overhead view straight down

Answer 33

vertical

Question 34

this happens because of artifacts or ditches changes the height or maybe width of plant life

Answer 34

crop-marks

Question 35

this type of survey sends a laser beam to the ground and different return rates separate the for example tree canopy from the underlying topography.

Answer 35

LIDAR

Question 36

electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying during mapping out a site that can read slope and distance from the instrument

Answer 36

total station

Question 37

a way to map out sites which shows the different elevations

Answer 37

topographic maps

Question 38

a way to map out sites which shows it in scale of earth plan

Answer 38

planemetric maps

Question 39

this way to map out sites transmits pulses of radio waves into the ground and the depth of the features is calculated by the travel time of the reflective signal

Answer 39

ground penetrating radar

Question 40

a way to map out sites where principals rely on soil moisture and ditches or filled in pits they retain more moisture instead of for example a stone wall

Answer 40

electrical resistivity imaging or tomography

Question 41

buried features produce slight measurable distortions in the earth's magnetic field and can give a detailed mapping of known arch sites

Answer 41

magnetometry

Question 42

one of the types of excavation where it is broad exposure of layer from a single time period

Answer 42

Horizontal

Question 43

one of the types of excavation where it is deep and understands multiple cultures/time periods

Answer 43

Vertical

Question 44

an excavation unit with sections are from bottom to the top

Answer 44

step trench

Question 45

an excavation unit which are small and narrow for palisades and walls

Answer 45

slit trench

Question 46

a unit of excavation with 2X2 meter units and 2 meter balks

Answer 46

Wheeler-Kenyon method

Question 47

fixed point that is reference point to all others

Answer 47

datum point

Question 48

fluid suspension to recover burned plant remains and bone fragments

Answer 48

floatation

Question 49

provide a date or date ranges relative to another date

Answer 49

relative dating

Question 50

provide a specific date range in the past

Answer 50

absolute dating

Question 51

"date after which"

Answer 51

terminus post quem

Question 52

"date before which"

Answer 52

terminus ante quem