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Ancient World 107 > Arch Exam 1 > Flashcards

Arch Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of human impact and people through material remains

A

archeaology

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2
Q

objects created or modified by human action

A

artifacts

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3
Q

make conclusions that’s probable

A

inductive

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4
Q

make conclusions that are from other statements that you assume are true

A

deductive

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5
Q

exactly where something was left

A

primary context

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6
Q

where objects have been moved

A

secondary context

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7
Q

where an artifact is found

A

provenience

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8
Q

history of an object

A

provance

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9
Q

overall concepts such as evolutionary theory

A

high-level theory

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10
Q

this concept links high and low theory through lower inferences

A

mid-level theory

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11
Q

this concept that involves hard data or simple observations

A

low-level theory

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12
Q

a group of artifacts all found near eachother

A

assemblages

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13
Q

natural remains

A

ecofacts

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14
Q

decayed stains of wooden support beams

A

post-holes

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15
Q

domestic waste dump or pit

A

middens

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16
Q

cultural materials within an existing, ongoing behavioral system, being handled or at least observed by real living people

A

systematic (cultural) context

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17
Q

cultural materials that are no longer participating in a behavioral system and what purpose they’re created for, and only exist in the arch record

A

archaeological context

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18
Q

deposition, reclamation,disturbance and reuse like a pot broke and now being melted for materials

A

cultural formation process

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19
Q

deposition process like erosion, chemical fossilization or bioturbation

A

natural formation process

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20
Q

alterations made to a site by little critters/ burrowing animals and insects

A

bioturbation

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21
Q

alterations made by plants/roots and stems

A

floralturbation

22
Q

alterations made by the process of freezing and thawing

A

cyroturbation

23
Q

alterations made by the cycles of wet and dry conditions with cracks in the soil

A

argililliturbation

24
Q

alterations to a site by forcing materials downhill on a slope

A

graviturbation

25
Q

combining the results of individual survey projects to produce large scale regional views

A

extensive survey

26
Q

total coverage of a single site or site cluster

A

intensive

27
Q

employs a grid system or series of transects

A

systematic survey

28
Q

simply walking across an area

A

unsystematic

29
Q

removal of all bias and random computer generated selection

A

simple random sampling

30
Q

survey technique where they walk in straight paths and its better for rough terrain or long distances

A

transects

31
Q

an intrusive survey where you put a stick in the ground and get a sample of the subsurface

A

traditional probing

32
Q

type of aerial survey where its from a side view or angle

A

oblique

33
Q

a type of aerial survey where its from an overhead view straight down

A

vertical

34
Q

this happens because of artifacts or ditches changes the height or maybe width of plant life

A

crop-marks

35
Q

this type of survey sends a laser beam to the ground and different return rates separate the for example tree canopy from the underlying topography.

A

LIDAR

36
Q

electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying during mapping out a site that can read slope and distance from the instrument

A

total station

37
Q

a way to map out sites which shows the different elevations

A

topographic maps

38
Q

a way to map out sites which shows it in scale of earth plan

A

planemetric maps

39
Q

this way to map out sites transmits pulses of radio waves into the ground and the depth of the features is calculated by the travel time of the reflective signal

A

ground penetrating radar

40
Q

a way to map out sites where principals rely on soil moisture and ditches or filled in pits they retain more moisture instead of for example a stone wall

A

electrical resistivity imaging or tomography

41
Q

buried features produce slight measurable distortions in the earth’s magnetic field and can give a detailed mapping of known arch sites

A

magnetometry

42
Q

one of the types of excavation where it is broad exposure of layer from a single time period

A

Horizontal

43
Q

one of the types of excavation where it is deep and understands multiple cultures/time periods

A

Vertical

44
Q

an excavation unit with sections are from bottom to the top

A

step trench

45
Q

an excavation unit which are small and narrow for palisades and walls

A

slit trench

46
Q

a unit of excavation with 2X2 meter units and 2 meter balks

A

Wheeler-Kenyon method

47
Q

fixed point that is reference point to all others

A

datum point

48
Q

fluid suspension to recover burned plant remains and bone fragments

A

floatation

49
Q

provide a date or date ranges relative to another date

A

relative dating

50
Q

provide a specific date range in the past

A

absolute dating

51
Q

“date after which”

A

terminus post quem

52
Q

“date before which”

A

terminus ante quem

Ancient World 107 (15 decks)

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