ENV Exam #1

Question 1

A key position where the natural world is valued by how useful it is to humans

Answer 1

Anthropentric

Question 2

A key position where we act based on best results

Answer 2

Individual Consequetialism

Question 3

A key position where the natural world and its objects have value themselves and anything that has inherent value should be respected

Answer 3

Individual Deontologists

Question 4

A key position where its focused on the whole bio community and whats best for the whole

Answer 4

Holistic

Question 5

value is created by humans

Answer 5

Subjectivist

Question 6

value is already in the world

Answer 6

Objectivist

Question 7

believe that one theory has all the principals and solutions for each situation

Answer 7

monism

Question 8

believe that there should be a variety of frameworks for every situation and not just one ethic

Answer 8

pluralism

Question 9

using practical strategies to deal with situation and try to affect public policy

Answer 9

pragmatism

Question 10

a focus on sensitivity and not so much logic, and the idea that both the environment and women have been oppressed

Answer 10

ecofeminism

Question 11

examine the environment ethically, metaphorically, and politically, has the idea that humans are intertwined with environment. Thinking about the environment in a more in-depth way

Answer 11

deep ecology

Question 12

the idea that people and objects have value within themselves and not as a mean to an end

Answer 12

intrinsic value

Question 13

the idea that people and objects are just means to an end and help accomplish a goal

Answer 13

instrumental value

Question 14

the idea of a community, where the plants, soil, water, and animals are all part of the lan

Answer 14

land

Question 15

working with the environment not only to preserve in the present but also the future, and helping to preserve the present without compromising the future

Answer 15

sustainable development

Question 16

Why hasn’t Leopold’s land ethic come to fruition?

Answer 16

Mostly because of economics and capitalism making the land a means to en end because the purpose of business is to make a profit

Question 17

O’neill defense for objective value?

Answer 17

all objects should be respected if they are good and by good it means flourishing or thriving independent of humans

Question 18

Rolston’s defense for objective value?

Answer 18

anything that can be valued is valuable, so something that produces a value can be valued

Question 19

Why does Stone supports pluralism?

Answer 19

it shows multiple ways an issue can be resolved not just black and white scenario when using different frameworks, and

Question 20

Why does Callicot argue against pluralism?

Answer 20

can tend to be more egocentric because the inconsistency can led to promiscuity and also how do you know what framework to use in two situations.