Theme 1 - Pleura and lungs Flashcards
what are the three divisions of the pleural cavity?
left, right and mediastinum
what embryological weeks does respiratory development start?
4-6 weeks
what germ layer does the pleura and lungs develop from?
endoderm
where do the parietal and viscera pleura connect?
at the hilum
what does visceral pleura line and what does it look like?
closely adheres to lung fissures and is smooth/slippery
what does parietal pleura line and how many parts are there?
lines the internal thoracic wall and has four parts
what are the four parts of parietal pleura?
cervical, costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal
what provides sympathetic innervation to the lung and what does this cause?
the sympathetic trunk
- causes dilation of bronchioles and constriction of pulmonary vasculature
what is parasympathetic innervation to the lung and what does this cause?
vagus nerve
- causes dilation of pulmonary vasculature and constriction of bronchioles
what is found between the visceral and parietal pleura and what does this allow?
serous fluid
- allows sliding and decreases surface tension
what are pleural recesses and where are they found?
areas of excess space
- found costomediastonal (around bottom)
- costodiaphragmatic (just the bottom)
what is the innervation to the four different parts of the parietal pleura?
- cerival = first IC nerve
- costal = IC nerves
- diaphragmatic - phrenic and lower IC
- mediastinal - phrenic
what innervates the visceral pleura?
autonomic nerves from the pulmonary plexi
what is the sequence of lymph drainage from the lung?
drains into the hilum, into hilarity nodes, then tracheobroncho then para tracheal nodes
how many lobes and fissures does the right lung have and what are they called?
3 lobes - upper, middle and lower lobe
two fissures - oblique and horizontal
which lung lobes does each fissure seperate?
oblique separates the lower from mid and upper in R lung and upper from lower in L lung
horizontal separates the upper and lower in R lung
what circulation brings oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and visceral pleura?
bronchial circulation
where do the left and right bronchial arteries branch from?
right from the intercostal arteries
left from the descending aorta directly
where do the bronchial veins terminate?
in the azygos vein
what level does the trachea start and end?
start at the larynx at C6 and runs to T4/5
where does the trachea bifurcate?
at the sternal angle - T4/5
which bronchi is wider and shorter?
right
which bronchus has three secondary bronchi and which has two?
the right has 3 and the left has 2 (one for each lobe of the lung)
do conducting bronchioles have cartilage in their wall?
no