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BSMS 103 > T4 - Respiratory pharmacology > Flashcards

T4 - Respiratory pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Give three examples of adrenergic agonists

A

Salbutamol, salmeterol, formeterol

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2
Q

give two examples of anticholinergics

A

tiotropium and ipatropium

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3
Q

give two examples of anti-inflammatories/steroids

A

prednisolone and beclamethasone

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4
Q

name three inhaled drug devices

A

pressured metered dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers and nebulisers

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5
Q

give three adverse effects of bronchodilators and what are these side effects controlled by?

A

tachycardia, tremor and irritation - usually dose dependent

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6
Q

which administration of bronchodilators gives the most side effects

A

IV

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7
Q

how quick does a SABA work and how long does it last?

A

works immediately and works for 3-5 hours

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8
Q

what Is the mechanism of action of a SABA?

A

binds B2 receptors in the lungs and relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

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9
Q

give two examples of a LABA and what is it used for?

A

salmeterol/formeterol used in asthma and COPD

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10
Q

what should a LABA always be given alongside in asthma?

A

inhaled corticosteroid

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11
Q

how long does a LABA take to work and how long does it last for?

A

takes 2-30 mins to work and lasts for 10-12 hours

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12
Q

what enzyme do LABAs work on?

A

adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP

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13
Q

what is the onset time of formeterol?

A

immediately (same as salbutamol but longer action)

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14
Q

what conditions would tiotropium be administered in?

A

stable COPD and asthma (if symptomatic despite SABAs)

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15
Q

how long does tiotropium work for?

A

24 hours (LAMA - long acting muscarinic agonist)

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16
Q

what is the mechanism of action of tiotropium?

A

inhibits M3 receptors in smooth muscle causing bronchodilator

17
Q

what does theophylline inhibit and what circumstance is it used in?

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase and is used when patient is very sick with persistent asthma or COPD

18
Q

what are zero order kinetics?

A

a small change in dose has a big change in levels/therapeutics of the drug

19
Q

give an example of an IV/oral glucocorticoid

A

prednisolone

20
Q

give an example of an inhaled glucocorticoid

A

beclametasone/furasone

21
Q

what is the mechanism of action of inhaled glucocorticoids?

A

decrease release of inflammatory mediators, decreased WBC action, decreased airway oedema, decreased mucus production

22
Q

what effect to glucocorticoids have on B2 receptors?

A

increase their numbers/sensitivity to cause bronchodilation

23
Q

what are the two main side effects of inhaled GCs?

A

oral candidasis, dysphonia (hard to speak)

24
Q

what effect can increased steroid use have on the immune system?

A

can suppress it causing increased risk of infections

25
Q

what are three treatments for allergic rhinitis?

A

H1 antagonists, intranasal glucocorticoids and leukotriene inhibitors/decongestants

26
Q

how can controlled oxygen be administered and what condition would this be relevant in?

A

venturi mask in COPD

27
Q

what can giving COPD patients too much oxygen cause?

A

a decrease in their respiratory effort which can increase CO2 and result in a respiratory acidosis

28
Q

give two scenarios where LMW would be used

A

1) decreasing risk of thrombosis (PE/DVT) if immobile

2) VTE prophylaxis

29
Q

what class of antibiotics are given for respiratory infections?

A

penicillins

30
Q

give three scenarios where amoxicillin would be given ins respiratory infection

A

CAP, COPD exacerbation and bronchitis

31
Q

give two scenarios where doxycycline would be given

A

COPD exacerbation or atypical pneumonia

32
Q

how does doxycycline work?

A

by inhibiting protein synthesis

33
Q

what are the side effects of doxycycline?

A

GI upset, stained teeth, lipid, allergy and photosensitivity

34
Q

give two examples of macrolides and when would they be given?

A

erythromycin and clarithromycin - given in penicillin allergy

35
Q

what type of bacteria do macrolides work against?

A

gram positive

BSMS 103 (23 decks)

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