Theme 1 - middle mediastinum Flashcards
what are the anterior, posterior, superior, inferior and lateral borders of the middle mediastinum?
- anterior = anterior pericardium
- posterior = posterior pericardium
- superior = trans thoracic plane (T4/5)
- inferior = diaphragm
- lateral = mediastinal pleura
what structures are contained in the middle mediastinum?
heart and pericardium, pulmonary trunk and arteries, ascending aorta, pulmonary veins
how many cusps does the tricuspid valve have and what are they called?
three cusps - anterior, posterior and septal
how many cusps does the mitral valve have and what are they called?
two cusps - posterior and anterior
how many cusps does the aortic valve have and what are they called?
three cusps - right, left and posterior
how many cusps does the pulmonary valve have and what are they called?
right, left and anterior
what is the function of the pericardium and how many layers does it have?
three layers
- suspends the heart and prevents overfilling
what are the superior and inferior attachments of the pericardium?
superior - great vessels
inferior - diaphragm
what is the external layer of the pericardium?
fibrous layer
what is the internal layer of the pericardium and what is it divided into?
serous layer - divided into parietal and visceral
where is the pericardial cavity and what is found within it?
between the parietal and visceral layer and contains some serous fluid
where is the transverse sinus found and what can it be used for in surgery?
- found between outflow (aorta and pulm trunk) and inflow vessels (SVC)
- can be used in surgery to clamp outflow of blood
how is coronary artery dominance determined?
which artery gives rise to the posterior intraventricular artery
are most people left or right dominant?
right
if you are left dominant, where does your posterior intraventricular artery branch from?
circumflex artery
where do the four main cardiac veins drain into?
coronary sinus
what are the four cardiac veins?
great, small, middle and posterior
what junction is the SA node found at?
junction of the SVC and RA
where is the AV node found?
in the inter-atrial septum, close to the opening of the coronary sinus
where does the ANS innervation of the heart come from?
cardiac plexi
- psym from vagus to SA node
- sym from sympathetic trunk T1-T5
where is the deep cardiac plexi found?
on the trachea
where is the superficial cardiac plexi found?
on the arch of the aorta
