The Years Between 404-336 BC

Question 1

Believed number of Spartiates by 371 BC

Answer 1

2000

Question 2

divide and conquer tactics

Answer 2

a Persian tactic between 413-340 BC, where they continued to switch between supporting different Greek states to prevent them from becoming too powerful

Question 3

Corinthian War of Thebes

Answer 3

395-386 BC, conflict between Athens, Corinth and Argos against Sparta. Sparta won this conflict (largely thanks to the Persian actions)

Question 4

king Artaxerxes II

Answer 4

negotiated the peace terms in Susa during the Corinthian War of Thebes

Question 5

the Second Athenian League

Answer 5

established in 377 BC. it united Athenians and her anti-Spartan allies, but Athens was not dominant like during the Delian League times. when Athens started to show imperialistic tendencies the allies revolted (357-355 BC) and the League collapsed

Question 6

mercenaries

Answer 6

many impoverished peasants who lacked their own land and many who were sent to exile became mercenaries and took part in many wars and also on different sides, to earn money

Question 7

Theban Epaminondas

Answer 7

a very good military tactician. Destroyed the Spartan army in Leuctra in 371 BC. freed the helots in Messenia and also dissolved the Peloponnesian League. he was killed in battle in Mantineia in 362 BC

Question 8

revolts in the Peloponnese and central Greece

Answer 8

after Sparta was defeated in 371 BC it became a state with only regional importance. it was pulled into a series of internal wars and revolutions between the states in the area. this revolution also spread to central Greece. this caused a noticeable outflow of Greeks who went to Persia to enlist in the army as mercenaries

Question 9

Rise of Macedonia

Answer 9

after 360 BC, Macedonia started to benefit from the discord between the Greek states. it started to gain more and more power and influence

Question 10

Philip II

Answer 10

359-336 BC. Macedonian king. Modernized the army after the Theban model. took control over the Thracian gold mines; this helped him to extend his sway over the Greek world. in 338 BC defeated Thebans in Chaeronea, Boeotia.

Question 11

League of Corinth

Answer 11

established by Philip II between Macedonia and other Greek city states (Sparta excluded). formed in 337 BC. named Philip as the leader but gave the states some autonomy. no tributes were required.

Question 12

Demosthenes

Answer 12

384-322 BC. Athenian orator and politician. fierce opposer of Philip. wanted Athens to keep her full independence.

Question 13

Isocrates

Answer 13

436-338 BC. Orator and publicist. saw the unification under one leader as a strong and smart move to stop the successive wars between states. best known rhetorician,.