The Second Millennium (The Middle and Late Bronze Age)

Question 1

the middle bronze age

Answer 1

c. 2000-1600 BC

Question 2

second intermediate period in Egypt

Answer 2

c. 1800-1550 BC

Question 3

Middle Kingdom’s capital

Answer 3

Thebes

Question 4

Middle kingdom’s most powerful kings

Answer 4

twelfth dynasty

Question 5

Egyptians managed to extend their sway over that area

Answer 5

Nubia (Sudan) up to the 3rd cataract

Question 6

Fayyum Oasis

Answer 6

center of the government during the middle kingdom

Question 7

the Hyksos

Answer 7

people from Levant who came to rule over Egyptians in the second intermediate period

Question 8

Assyria and Babylonia

Answer 8

these powerful nations were born in the early second millennium in Mesopotamia

Question 9

Amorites

Answer 9

foreign people who settled in Mesopotamia around the end of the 3rd millennium; largely responsible for the rise of Assyria and Babylonia

Question 10

Assur

Answer 10

city in Mesopotamia that gained independence around 2000 BC

Question 11

amorite Shamshi-Adad I

Answer 11

brought Assur back to fruition in the 18th century, king of the Assyrian empire

Question 12

Isin, Babylon and Larsa

Answer 12

important cities (city states) in southern Mesopotamia

Question 13

Assur and Mari

Answer 13

important cities (city states) in northern Mesopotamia

Question 14

Hammurabi

Answer 14

Amorites king of Babylonia; laid the foundations for Babylonian culture; codex of Hammurabi; conquered the entire southern Mesopotamia and the Euphrates valley up to and including Mari

Question 15

the late bronze age

Answer 15

c. 1600-c. 1200

Question 16

concert of powers

Answer 16

time period in which a group of powers maintained a fairly static and stable balance; Egypt (the new kingdom), Mitanni, Hittite empire, Assyria and Babylonia; flourishing Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations; Syria and Palestine,

Question 17

war chariot

Answer 17

a fast two-wheeled vehicle drawn by horses that spread around the ancient world around 1600 BC

Question 18

new kingdom of Egypt

Answer 18

created again by Theban rulers

Question 19

Ahmose

Answer 19

Egyptian king, seen as the founder of the 18th dynasty

Question 20

18th dynasty in Egypt

Answer 20

c. 1550-1300 BC, kings referred to as pharaohs, campaigners

Question 21

Thutmose II

Answer 21

best known pharaoh of the 18th dynasty; c. 1450 BC

Question 22

Akhenaten

Answer 22

c. 1350; attempted to reform Egyptian polytheism, transferred the capital to Akhetaten, he had a lot of international contacts

Question 23

Tutankhamen

Answer 23

Akhenaten’s successor, reverted to the old Egyptian traditions, Memphis became the capital again

Question 24

Ramses II

Answer 24

1279-1212 BC; 19th dynasty, ambitious builder (Abu Simbel), helped to unify Egypt again in the 13th century

Question 25

Kassities

Answer 25

assumed control of Babylon in 1600 BC; governed Mesopotamia for over 4 centuries, adjusted to Babylonian culture

Question 26

middle Assyrian Empire

Answer 26

shortly after 1350 BC, expansion and establishment of a new kingdom was possible because the neighboring powers grew weaker

Question 27

Mitanni

Answer 27

situated between the upper reacher of Euphrates and Tigris; occupied by Hurrians/Khurrites/Horites; Indo-Aryan elements in their culture

Question 28

the old Hittite kingdom

Answer 28

c. 1700 BC

Question 29

Mursilis I

Answer 29

Hittite king who penetrated into Babylon c. 1600 BC

Question 30

Suppiluliumas

Answer 30

Hittite king who managed to restore the kingdoms power around 1340 BC (Hittite New Kingdom)

Question 31

Minoan culture

Answer 31

island of Crete (after legendary king Minos)

Question 32

Mycenaean culture

Answer 32

mainland Greece (after fortified palace on the Peloponnese); also known as Helladic

Question 33

Knossos

Answer 33

most important city on Crete; not fortified

Question 34

Linear A

Answer 34

syllabic script, used in Crete

Question 35

Mycenae, Pylos, Tiryns

Answer 35

mainland Greek cities; begun flourishing around 1600 BC; fortified (1400-1300 BC)

Question 36

Linear B

Answer 36

adopted by mainland Greeks from Cretan Linear A

Question 37

sources on international relations

Answer 37

archive of clay tablets, Hittite treaties, the annals