Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function > The Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

The Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

How many carpal bones are there?

A

8: 4 in proximal row, 4 in distal row.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What carpal bones are in the proximal row?

A
  • pisiform - triquetrum - lunate - scaphoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What carpal bones are in the distal row?

A
  • hamate - capitate - trapezoid - trapezium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false, there is an articular disc between the ulnar and carpals

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the acronym for the carpal bones?

A

Some - scaphoid Lovers - luate Try - triquetrum Positions - pisiform That - trapezium They - trawpezoid Can’t - capitate Handle - hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the metacarpals from I - V

A

I - thumb (pollex) II - index finger III - rude finger IV - ring finger V - little finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three features of each metacarpal bones and phalanges?

A

head, shaft and base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the metacarpals articulate with?

A

proximal phalanges and distal carpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What digit has only 2 phalanx?

A

pollex (thumb) has only distal and proximal phalanx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many phalanx does digits II - V have?

A

3 - proximal, middle and distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Classify the radiocarpal (wrist) joint

A

synovial, condyloid (ellipsoid) joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the radiocarpal joint?

A

proximal row of carpals (excluding pisiform) and radius and articular discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two radiocarpal ligaments and what is their purpose?

A
  • palmar and dorsal - ensures the hand follows radius is pronation and supination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two extracapsular ligaments of the radiocarpal joint?

A

radial collateral and ulnar collateral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the movements at the wrist joint?

A
  • flexion/extension - abduction/adduction (ulnar/radial deviation) - circumduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the wrist flexors?

A
  • flexor carpi radialis - flexor carpi ulnaris - palmaris longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the attachments of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

medial epicondyle (humerus) to the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?

A

helps in abduction (ulnar deviation) and is a flexor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is flexor carpi radialis’ nerve supply?

A

median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the attachments of flexor carpi unaris?

A

medial epicondyle (humerus) and ulna to carpals and 5th metacarpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the actions of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

helps in adduction (radial deviation) and is a flexor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the flexor carpi ulnaris innervated by?

A

ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the attachments of the palmaris longus?

A

come from medial epicondyle and inserts into connective tissue in middle of palm (palmar aponeurosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What flexor is missing in 12% of people?

A

palmaris longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is palmaris longus innervated by?

A

median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What surface of the wrist do the flexor muscles cross?

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the extensors of the wrist?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - extensor carpi ulnaris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis?

A

posterior distal humerus and lateral epicondyle to 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the extensor carpi ulnaris longus and brevis innervated by?

A

radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus to carpals and 5th metacarpal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is extensor carpi ulnaris innervated by?

A

radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What muscles cause abduction and adduction of the wrist?

A

abduction (ulnar deviation) - extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis and flexor carpi radialis adduction (radial deviation)- extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi ulnaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What muscles does circumduction involve?

A

all muscles at different times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the 3 joints in the hand?

A
  • carpometacarpal - metacarpophalangeal - interphalangeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the movements at the interphalangeal joints?

A

only flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the muscles that flex the fingers?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis - flexor digitorum profundus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What muscle is deeper, flexor digitorum superficialis or flexor digitorum profundus?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus to muddle phalanges (2 -5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the flexor digitorum superficialis innervated by?

A

median nerve

40
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

originates on ulna and inserts on digits 2 - 5

41
Q

What is the flexor digitorum profundus innervated by

A
  • median nerve (digits 2 & 3) - ulnar nerve (digits 4 & 5)
42
Q

What is the muscles that extend the fingers?

A

extensor digitorum

43
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digitorum?

A

lateral epicondyle and inserts on distal phalanges 2 - 5 passing through extensor hoods

44
Q

What is the extensor digitorum innervated by?

A

radial nerve

45
Q

What is the purpose of the extensor hood?

A

protects tendons

46
Q

What muscles point the fingers?

A

Extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi

47
Q

What are the attachments of extensor indicis?

A

distal ulna and interosseous membrane to 2nd metacarpal (under extensor hood)

48
Q

What is the extensor indicis innervated by?

A

radial nerve

49
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digiti minimi?

A

ulna and interosseous membrane to 5th digit

50
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digiti minimi?

A

radial nerve

51
Q

Describe extensor digiti minimi

A

small, skinny, deep muscle

52
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

band of tough, fibrous connective tissue on posterior surface of the wrist which stabilizes and contains the actions of tendons of extensor muscles

53
Q

What are the muscles that move the pollux (thumb)?

A

flexor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollcs brevis, opponens pollics and adductor pollicis longus

54
Q

What are the attachments of flexor pollcis longus?

A

radius and interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of pollux

55
Q

What s the flexor pollics longues nnervated by?

A

median nerve

56
Q

What are the attachments of extensor pollics longus and brevis?

A

extensor surface of radus, ulna and interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of pollux

57
Q

What is the innervation of extensor pollcs longus and brevis?

A

radial nerve

58
Q

Which is shorter, extensor pollicis longus or brevis?

A

brevis

59
Q

Which is deep, extensor pollicis longus or brevis?

A

brevis

60
Q

What is the attachments of adductor pollics longus?

A

extensor surface of radius, ulna and interosseous membrane the metacarpal I

61
Q

What is the adductor pollicis longus innervated by?

A

radial nerve

62
Q

What are the attachments of opponens pollicis?

A

trapezium to metacarpal I

63
Q

What are the movements allowed by opponens pollicis?

A

opposition and repostion

64
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

muscles that move the metacarpals and originate and insert only on these bones

65
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

covers and holds many flexor tendons entering the hand Allows us to grasp and grip objects

66
Q

What muscles pass in the carpal tunnel?

A

Within tunnel – flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus and median nerve

67
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis

A

Tissue under the skin of the palm that helps form ridges in the palm. Helps increase friction so that we can grasp objects firmly

68
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

The space between the flexor retinaculum and the carpal bones

69
Q

What tendon inserts into the palmar aponeurosis?

A

Tendon of palmaris longus inserts into aponeurosis

70
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

a strong fibrous band in the fascia of the distal forearm that attaches to the lateral border of the radius and crosses to attach to 2 carpal bones. Makes a tunnel that transmits tendons beneath it into the wrist

71
Q

What are the extensor hoods/dorsal digital expansion? What does it allow?

A

a spreading out of tendons of extensor digitorum as they pass over the back of the metocarpalphalageal joints. Form a hood through intendinous connections from other tendons. Tension on hood leads to extension of the IP joints

72
Q

What muscles attach to the extensor hoods?

A

Lumbricals attach to the hood to extend IP joints

73
Q

What are the three functional regions of the hand?

A

Thenar region – thumb muscles (4 muscles) Hypothenar regions – 5th digit muscles (3 muscles) Mid-palm region – 3 different muscles

74
Q

What muscles move the thumb? What movements do they allow?

A

flexor pollicis brevis - flexion opponens pollicis - opposition adductor brevis - adducton abductor brevis - abduction

75
Q

What actions can the thumb do?

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and opposition

76
Q

What are the muscles of the thumb innervated by?

A

median nerve except adductor pollicis which is innervated by ulnar nerve

77
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar region? What movements do they produce?

A

opponens digiti minimi - opposition flexor digiti minimi - flexion abductor digiti minimi - abduction

78
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar region innervated by?

A

ulnar nerve

79
Q

Where do adduction and abduction of the finger muscles lie?

A

laterally

80
Q

What are some muscles that adduct and abduct the fingers

A

palmar interrosei - adduction of metacarpophalangeal joints and PAD dorsal interrosei - abduction of MCP joints and DAB

81
Q

What are the interrosei innervated by?

A

ulnar nerve

82
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A

flex the MCP joints and extend IP joints

83
Q

What are the lumbricals innervated by?

A

median and ulnar nerves

84
Q

What is the position of the hand?

A

Wrist in slight extension MCP and PIP in some degree of extension, thumb in opposition

85
Q

What are the function advantages of position of the hand?

A

Functional advantages – flexors lengthened giving them more torque

86
Q

What muscles does opening the hand involve?

A

Opening the hand involves the extrinsic finger extensor and thumb adductors and extensors

87
Q

What do power grips involve?

A

Fingers flex around an object from one direction while thumb wraps around in opposite direction. Provides a counterforce to keep the object in contact with the palm and/or fingers

88
Q

What are the 3 types of power grips?

A

cylindrical, spherical and hook

89
Q

What are the joint movements during grips?

A
  • wrist: extended and ulnar deviates. - Fingers: IP joints flexed, MP joints flexed & adducted in spherical grip. - Thumb: mostly adduction, some opposition occurs
90
Q

When are precision grips used?

A

Used when manipulating objects with the finger or holding an object between the fingers and thumb – no palm involvement or movement of the proximal joints

91
Q

What are the types of precision grips?

A

lateral pinch (key grip), tip to tip (pincer grip), pad to pad (pinch) and lumbricals grip (plate grip)

92
Q

What muscles are used in precision grips?

A

The lumbricals and interrosei act on the joints of fingers while the thenar muscles act of the thumb and the pads of the digits are bought into contact

93
Q

What muscles are used during digital sweep?

A

Extrinsic muscles involved – extensors (digits) = IP extension Intrinsic muscles involves – lumbricals and interrosei (adducted in sweep, abducted if open hand)

94
Q

Label the diagram below

A
95
Q

Label the diagram below

A
96
Q

Label the diagram

A
97
Q
A

OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions