The Skull and Facial Structures Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the skull?
Neocranium - protects the brain as well as providing an attachment for muscles and sense organs
Facial skeleton - framework for the face which contains cavities for special sense organs, respiration and digestion as well as muscles for facial expression
What are the joints in the skull?
Sutures - strong, fibrous joints between skull bones
Temporomandibular - synovial joint
What movements occur at the temporomandibular joint?
Depression
Elevation
Deviation
Protraction
Name the features of the skull
What are the unique features of the skull of a baby?
1) Babies have frontanelles which is a fibrous tissue as their skull joints have not ossified
2) larger eye sockets in proportion to the rest of the body as eyes are fully developed
Name the following diagram
What muscle pulls the lip down?
Depressor labii inferioris
What muscles make a happy facial expression?
1) zygomaticus major (smile)
2) occipitofrontalis (wide eyes)
3) buccinator (lifted eyebrows and cheekbones)
What muscles make an angry facial expression?
1) procerus (frown, lowered eyebrows)
2) mentalis (tightneing of jaw and chin)
What muscles make a surprised expression?
1) occiptiofrontalis (eyebrows curved high)
2) frontalis (wrinkles of forehead)
orbicularis oris (open mouth)
What muscles cause a sad expression?
1) orbicularis oris (drooped eyelids)
2) depressor labii inferioris (corners of mouth dropped)
What are some unique properties of the facial muscles?
- muscles are paired as face is symetrical
- facial muscles attach bone to skin
- facial muscles factigue faster as they have a lot of white muscle fiber which fatigues faster than red muscle fiber
What are the facial muscles innervated by?
facial nerve - cranial nerve 7
