Pelvis and Hip Joint Flashcards
What are the functions of the lower limb?
- Support body weight and transfer body weight to the external environment - Balance and posture maintenance - movement/locomotion
What is the pelvis made up of?
left and right hip ones and the sacrum
What are the hip bones made up of
3 smaller bones fused together - ilium, ischium and pubis
Classify and state the location of the sacroilliac joint
- synovial as it allows a little bit of movement - between iliac and sacrum (on each side)
What is the sacroilliac and pubic symphosis joints stabilized with?
ligaments
What type of joint is the pubic symphosis?
cartilaginous
What is the purpose of the acetabulum and the acetabulum fossa?
cavity for ball and socket joint between hip bone and femur
What is the obturator foramen?
large hole inferior of hip bone that is an attachment site of muscles and allows passage of vessels and nerves
Where is the greater sciatic notch located?
in the ilium (lateral) and allows passage of vessels and nerves
What muscles attach to the illiac crest?
abdominal muscles
What muscles attach to gluteal lines (anterior, inferior and posterior)?
gluteus muscles
Where is the ramus located?
pubis
Classify the hip joint
synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket joint
What are the movements at the hip joint?
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation (no where near as much circumduction as the shoulder joint)
What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?
Acetabulum (1/5 pubis, 2/5 ischiunm, 2/5 ilium), semilunar area (covered in articular cartilage) and acetabular notch. Head of femur
What part of the femur s not covered with articular cartilage?
fovea capitis
What contributes to the stability of the hip joint?
Good fit – congruence and shape of articulation Strong capsule reinforces joint Ligament of head of femur is a strong structure Acetabulum labrum Transverse acetabular ligament
What are the capsular ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral
What is developmental dysplasia of the hip caused by?
Caused by abnormality either to the shape of the head of the femur or to the shape of the acetabulum or the supporting structures around them. Thus, acetabulum and femur not in close contact
What muscles abduct and medially rotate the hip?
Gluteus medius and minimus Tensor fasciae latae
Whatt are the gluteal muscles innervated by?
gluteal nerves
What are the attachments of the gluteus medius and minimus?
ilium to femur
What makes the gluteus minmus and medius medially rotate?
oblique fibers insert anteriorly, however they are mostly abductors
What are the attachments of tensor faciae latae?
ilium to iliotibial tract (ITT inserts onto lateral tibia)
What does the tensor fasciae latae connect to?
fasciae, tensing the fsciae which can help with abduction and medial rotation
What is the tensor fasciae latae inervated by?
femoral nerve
What are the extensors of the hip? Which is a weak extensor?
gluteus maximus (primary) and hamstrings (weak extensors)
What are the attachments of the gluteus maximus?
ilium and sacrum to gluteal tuberosity of femur and ITT
Which muscle assists the gluteus maximus?
adductor magnus (hamstring part)
Name the hamstrings
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
What is the action of the biceps femoris?
primarily flexes the knee but can also help with hip extension
What is the origin of the hamstrings?
ischial tuberosity
Where do the semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert?
tibia
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
fibula
What is the difference between the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?
SM is fuller, ST has a longer, skinny tendon
Where does the biceps femoris run?
lateral aspect of the leg
What are the hamstrings innervated by?
sciatic nerve
What are the flexors of the hip?
sartorius, rectus femoris and illiopsoas
What are the attachments of sartorius?
ASIS to medial tibia
What are the functions of rectus femoris?
knee extensor, weak hip flexor
What are the attachments of rectus femoris?
ilium to patella tendon
What is the longest muscle of the body?
sartorius
What are the two components of illiopsoas?
psoas major and illiacus
What are the attachments of illiopsoas?
from lumbar vertebrae and ilium to lesser trochanter of the femur
What surface do hip flexors insert on?
anterior
What nerve supplies sartorius and rectus femoris?
femoral nerve
Where do adductors of the hip insert?
medial surface
What muscles adduct the hip?
gracillis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
What nerve supplies hip adductors?
obturator nerve
What are the attachments of hip adductors?
ischial ramus to linea aspera of femur (medial femur)
What adductor originates from pubic bone and inserts on the tibia?
gracillis
What vertebrae stem the lumbosacral plexus?
L4 - S3
What are the nerves of the thigh? Describe their location.
- femoral nerve: anterior, sits on top of illiopsoas - sciatic nerve: posterior - obturator nerve: medial
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