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OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function > Pelvis and Hip Joint > Flashcards

Pelvis and Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lower limb?

A
  • Support body weight and transfer body weight to the external environment - Balance and posture maintenance - movement/locomotion
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2
Q

What is the pelvis made up of?

A

left and right hip ones and the sacrum

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3
Q

What are the hip bones made up of

A

3 smaller bones fused together - ilium, ischium and pubis

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4
Q

Classify and state the location of the sacroilliac joint

A
  • synovial as it allows a little bit of movement - between iliac and sacrum (on each side)
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5
Q

What is the sacroilliac and pubic symphosis joints stabilized with?

A

ligaments

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6
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphosis?

A

cartilaginous

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the acetabulum and the acetabulum fossa?

A

cavity for ball and socket joint between hip bone and femur

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8
Q

What is the obturator foramen?

A

large hole inferior of hip bone that is an attachment site of muscles and allows passage of vessels and nerves

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9
Q

Where is the greater sciatic notch located?

A

in the ilium (lateral) and allows passage of vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What muscles attach to the illiac crest?

A

abdominal muscles

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11
Q

What muscles attach to gluteal lines (anterior, inferior and posterior)?

A

gluteus muscles

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12
Q

Where is the ramus located?

A

pubis

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13
Q

Classify the hip joint

A

synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket joint

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14
Q

What are the movements at the hip joint?

A

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation (no where near as much circumduction as the shoulder joint)

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15
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?

A

Acetabulum (1/5 pubis, 2/5 ischiunm, 2/5 ilium), semilunar area (covered in articular cartilage) and acetabular notch. Head of femur

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16
Q

What part of the femur s not covered with articular cartilage?

A

fovea capitis

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17
Q

What contributes to the stability of the hip joint?

A

Good fit – congruence and shape of articulation Strong capsule reinforces joint Ligament of head of femur is a strong structure Acetabulum labrum Transverse acetabular ligament

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18
Q

What are the capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

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19
Q

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip caused by?

A

Caused by abnormality either to the shape of the head of the femur or to the shape of the acetabulum or the supporting structures around them. Thus, acetabulum and femur not in close contact

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20
Q

What muscles abduct and medially rotate the hip?

A

Gluteus medius and minimus Tensor fasciae latae

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21
Q

Whatt are the gluteal muscles innervated by?

A

gluteal nerves

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22
Q

What are the attachments of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

ilium to femur

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23
Q

What makes the gluteus minmus and medius medially rotate?

A

oblique fibers insert anteriorly, however they are mostly abductors

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24
Q

What are the attachments of tensor faciae latae?

A

ilium to iliotibial tract (ITT inserts onto lateral tibia)

25
Q

What does the tensor fasciae latae connect to?

A

fasciae, tensing the fsciae which can help with abduction and medial rotation

26
Q

What is the tensor fasciae latae inervated by?

A

femoral nerve

27
Q

What are the extensors of the hip? Which is a weak extensor?

A

gluteus maximus (primary) and hamstrings (weak extensors)

28
Q

What are the attachments of the gluteus maximus?

A

ilium and sacrum to gluteal tuberosity of femur and ITT

29
Q

Which muscle assists the gluteus maximus?

A

adductor magnus (hamstring part)

30
Q

Name the hamstrings

A

biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus

31
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

primarily flexes the knee but can also help with hip extension

32
Q

What is the origin of the hamstrings?

A

ischial tuberosity

33
Q

Where do the semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert?

A

tibia

34
Q

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

A

fibula

35
Q

What is the difference between the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

SM is fuller, ST has a longer, skinny tendon

36
Q

Where does the biceps femoris run?

A

lateral aspect of the leg

37
Q

What are the hamstrings innervated by?

A

sciatic nerve

38
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A

sartorius, rectus femoris and illiopsoas

39
Q

What are the attachments of sartorius?

A

ASIS to medial tibia

40
Q

What are the functions of rectus femoris?

A

knee extensor, weak hip flexor

41
Q

What are the attachments of rectus femoris?

A

ilium to patella tendon

42
Q

What is the longest muscle of the body?

A

sartorius

43
Q

What are the two components of illiopsoas?

A

psoas major and illiacus

44
Q

What are the attachments of illiopsoas?

A

from lumbar vertebrae and ilium to lesser trochanter of the femur

45
Q

What surface do hip flexors insert on?

A

anterior

46
Q

What nerve supplies sartorius and rectus femoris?

A

femoral nerve

47
Q

Where do adductors of the hip insert?

A

medial surface

48
Q

What muscles adduct the hip?

A

gracillis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

49
Q

What nerve supplies hip adductors?

A

obturator nerve

50
Q

What are the attachments of hip adductors?

A

ischial ramus to linea aspera of femur (medial femur)

51
Q

What adductor originates from pubic bone and inserts on the tibia?

A

gracillis

52
Q

What vertebrae stem the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L4 - S3

53
Q

What are the nerves of the thigh? Describe their location.

A
  • femoral nerve: anterior, sits on top of illiopsoas - sciatic nerve: posterior - obturator nerve: medial
54
Q

Label the diagram below

A
55
Q

Label the diagram below

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56
Q

Label the diagram below

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57
Q

Label the diagram below

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58
Q

Label the diagram below

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59
Q
A

OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function (10 decks)

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