Pelvis and Hip Joint

Question 1

What are the functions of the lower limb?

Answer 1

• Support body weight and transfer body weight to the external environment - Balance and posture maintenance - movement/locomotion

Question 2

What is the pelvis made up of?

Answer 2

left and right hip ones and the sacrum

Question 3

What are the hip bones made up of

Answer 3

3 smaller bones fused together - ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 4

Classify and state the location of the sacroilliac joint

Answer 4

• synovial as it allows a little bit of movement - between iliac and sacrum (on each side)

Question 5

What is the sacroilliac and pubic symphosis joints stabilized with?

Answer 5

ligaments

Question 6

What type of joint is the pubic symphosis?

Answer 6

cartilaginous

Question 7

What is the purpose of the acetabulum and the acetabulum fossa?

Answer 7

cavity for ball and socket joint between hip bone and femur

Question 8

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 8

large hole inferior of hip bone that is an attachment site of muscles and allows passage of vessels and nerves

Question 9

Where is the greater sciatic notch located?

Answer 9

in the ilium (lateral) and allows passage of vessels and nerves

Question 10

What muscles attach to the illiac crest?

Answer 10

abdominal muscles

Question 11

What muscles attach to gluteal lines (anterior, inferior and posterior)?

Answer 11

gluteus muscles

Question 12

Where is the ramus located?

Answer 12

pubis

Question 13

Classify the hip joint

Answer 13

synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket joint

Question 14

What are the movements at the hip joint?

Answer 14

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation (no where near as much circumduction as the shoulder joint)

Question 15

What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?

Answer 15

Acetabulum (1/5 pubis, 2/5 ischiunm, 2/5 ilium), semilunar area (covered in articular cartilage) and acetabular notch. Head of femur

Question 16

What part of the femur s not covered with articular cartilage?

Answer 16

fovea capitis

Question 17

What contributes to the stability of the hip joint?

Answer 17

Good fit – congruence and shape of articulation Strong capsule reinforces joint Ligament of head of femur is a strong structure Acetabulum labrum Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 18

What are the capsular ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 18

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

Question 19

What is developmental dysplasia of the hip caused by?

Answer 19

Caused by abnormality either to the shape of the head of the femur or to the shape of the acetabulum or the supporting structures around them. Thus, acetabulum and femur not in close contact

Question 20

What muscles abduct and medially rotate the hip?

Answer 20

Gluteus medius and minimus Tensor fasciae latae

Question 21

Whatt are the gluteal muscles innervated by?

Answer 21

gluteal nerves

Question 22

What are the attachments of the gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 22

ilium to femur

Question 23

What makes the gluteus minmus and medius medially rotate?

Answer 23

oblique fibers insert anteriorly, however they are mostly abductors

Question 24

What are the attachments of tensor faciae latae?

Answer 24

ilium to iliotibial tract (ITT inserts onto lateral tibia)

Question 25

What does the tensor fasciae latae connect to?

Answer 25

fasciae, tensing the fsciae which can help with abduction and medial rotation

Question 26

What is the tensor fasciae latae inervated by?

Answer 26

femoral nerve

Question 27

What are the extensors of the hip? Which is a weak extensor?

Answer 27

gluteus maximus (primary) and hamstrings (weak extensors)

Question 28

What are the attachments of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 28

ilium and sacrum to gluteal tuberosity of femur and ITT

Question 29

Which muscle assists the gluteus maximus?

Answer 29

adductor magnus (hamstring part)

Question 30

Name the hamstrings

Answer 30

biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus

Question 31

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

Answer 31

primarily flexes the knee but can also help with hip extension

Question 32

What is the origin of the hamstrings?

Answer 32

ischial tuberosity

Question 33

Where do the semitendinosus and semimembranosus insert?

Answer 33

tibia

Question 34

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

Answer 34

fibula

Question 35

What is the difference between the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

Answer 35

SM is fuller, ST has a longer, skinny tendon

Question 36

Where does the biceps femoris run?

Answer 36

lateral aspect of the leg

Question 37

What are the hamstrings innervated by?

Answer 37

sciatic nerve

Question 38

What are the flexors of the hip?

Answer 38

sartorius, rectus femoris and illiopsoas

Question 39

What are the attachments of sartorius?

Answer 39

ASIS to medial tibia

Question 40

What are the functions of rectus femoris?

Answer 40

knee extensor, weak hip flexor

Question 41

What are the attachments of rectus femoris?

Answer 41

ilium to patella tendon

Question 42

What is the longest muscle of the body?

Answer 42

sartorius

Question 43

What are the two components of illiopsoas?

Answer 43

psoas major and illiacus

Question 44

What are the attachments of illiopsoas?

Answer 44

from lumbar vertebrae and ilium to lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 45

What surface do hip flexors insert on?

Answer 45

anterior

Question 46

What nerve supplies sartorius and rectus femoris?

Answer 46

femoral nerve

Question 47

Where do adductors of the hip insert?

Answer 47

medial surface

Question 48

What muscles adduct the hip?

Answer 48

gracillis, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

Question 49

What nerve supplies hip adductors?

Answer 49

obturator nerve

Question 50

What are the attachments of hip adductors?

Answer 50

ischial ramus to linea aspera of femur (medial femur)

Question 51

What adductor originates from pubic bone and inserts on the tibia?

Answer 51

gracillis

Question 52

What vertebrae stem the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 52

L4 - S3

Question 53

What are the nerves of the thigh? Describe their location.

Answer 53

- femoral nerve: anterior, sits on top of illiopsoas - sciatic nerve: posterior - obturator nerve: medial

Question 54

Label the diagram below

Answer 54

Question 55

Label the diagram below

Answer 55

Question 56

Label the diagram below

Answer 56

Question 57

Label the diagram below

Answer 57

Question 58

Label the diagram below

Answer 58