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OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function > The Elbow and Forearm > Flashcards

The Elbow and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the interroseous membrane?

A

Stope ulna and radius separating under force and transmits force

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2
Q

What is the interroseous membrane made of?

A

Fibrous tissue which pass downward from the radius to the ulna

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3
Q

Classify the elbow joint

A

Synovial, hinge and pivot joint

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4
Q

What actions does the humeroradial joint and numeroulnar joint perform?

A

1) probation and supination 2) flexion and extension

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5
Q

Where is the olecranon bursa located? What is its purpose?

A

Posterior aspect of the elbow. Protective padding of the elbow

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6
Q

What forms the humeroulnar joint?

A

Torch leat of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna

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7
Q

What binds the radius and ulna together?

A

Interroseous membrane

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8
Q

What muscle attachment structures are on the distal humerus?

A

medial and lateral epicondyles

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9
Q

What structure of the distal humerus articulates with the ulna and radius?

A

condyle

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10
Q

What structure articulates with the radial fossa of the radius (anterior)

A

capitulum

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11
Q

What structure of the distal humerus articulates with the coronoid fossa of the ulna?

A

trochlea

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12
Q

In relation to the forearm bones, what head is proximal?

A

radius

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13
Q

What structure on both the radius and ulna is for muscle attachment?

A

radial and ulna tuberosities

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14
Q

What structure limit the extension and accommodates the olecranon?

A

olecranon fossa

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15
Q

What bone is the olecranon on?

A

ulna

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16
Q

What is the function of the radial styloid?

A

stabilize wrist joint

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17
Q

What movements does the radial head allow?

A

pronation and supination

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18
Q

Muscles inserting onto what forearm bone cause pronation and supination?

A

radius

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19
Q

What bone remains straight during pronation and supination?

A

ulna

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20
Q

Where is the ulna styolid located?

A

distal head of ulna near the wrist

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21
Q

When the forearm is extended, where does the olecranon of the ulna go?

A

olecranon fossa

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22
Q

What structure of the ulna accommodates the radial head during pronation and supination?

A

radial notch

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23
Q

Muscles inserting into what forearm bone cause flexion and extension of the elbow

A

ulna

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24
Q

What joins the ulna and radius together?

A

Interosseous membrane

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25
Q

What makes the interosseous membrane strong?

A

It is a fibrous membrane, direction of fibers in downwards for force transmission and allows rotation to occur

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26
Q

Where do the interosseous membrane fibers pass downward from?

A

radius to ulna

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27
Q

classify the elbow joint

A

synovial hinge and pivot joint

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28
Q

What structural joint is the 1) Humeroulnar joint 2) Humeroradial joint and what movements do each produce?

A

1) Hinge - flexion and extension 2) pivot - pronation and supination

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29
Q

Where is the olecranon bursa located? What is its purpose?

A

Posterior aspect of elbow serving to protect the elbow from impact

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30
Q

What bony landmarks doe the humeroulnar joint occur at?

A

Trochlear of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna

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31
Q

Outline ligaments of the elbow.

A

radial collateral ligament ulnar collateral ligament annular ligament

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32
Q

Compare the ulnar to the radial collateral ligament

A

Ulnar collateral ligament is broader and stronger than the radial collateral ligament due to more dynamic activity

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33
Q

Describe the annular ligament and what it assists in

A

Funnel shaped ligament that is wider superiorly than inferiorly to accommodate the radial head. Allows pronation and supination

34
Q

What are the muscles acting on the elbow joint?

A

-biceps brachii -brachialis -brachioradialis -triceps brachii -anconeus -pronater teres

35
Q

Describe the attachments of biceps brachii

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula Insertion: radial tuberosity

36
Q

What actions does the biceps allow?

A

flexion (more efficient when arm is pronated) and a bit of supination

37
Q

What does the biceps stabilize?

A

shoulder joint

38
Q

What muscle is deep to the biceps?

A

brachialis

39
Q

What are the attachments of brachialis?

A

humerus to ulna

40
Q

What actions does brachialis allow?

A

flexion

41
Q

What are the attachments of the brachioradialis

A

arises half way up humerus below deltoid tuberosity) and inserts on distal radius

42
Q

What two muscles are posterior of the elbow joint? Deduce what actions they cause

A
  • Triceps brachii and anconeus - cause extension - anconeus is a minor extensor
43
Q

What are the attachments of the triceps?

A

arises from scapula and humerus. Long tendon inserts on olecranon process of ulna

44
Q

Why can’t the triceps pronate or supinate?

A

It does not insert on the radius

45
Q

What muscle does the anconeus oppose?

A

brachialis

46
Q

What are the attachments of anconeus?

A

epicondyle of humerus to ulna

47
Q

What does the anconeus assist with?

A

extension and locking the elbow.

48
Q

Describe the superior humeroradial joint

A

small articulation below and part of the ulna which allows pronation and supination.

49
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the superior humeroradial joint?

A
  • capitulum of humerus - head of radius
50
Q

What are the joint surfaces of the proximal radioulnar articulation?

A
  • head of radius - radial notch of ulna - annular ligament
51
Q

At the distal radioulnar joint, where is the articular disc located? What is its function?

A
  • between radius and ulna - increases congruency between joint surfaces as there is not a perfect fit
52
Q

Which joint does most of pronation and supination take place?

A

proximal radioulnar joint - not distal as the bones must stay relative to one another

53
Q

Classify the inferior radioulnar joint

A

synovial, uniaxial pivot joint

54
Q

What are the movements of the inferior radioulnar joint?

A

pronation, midprone/neutral and supination

55
Q

Which movement (either pronation or supination) are the radius and ulna parallel with one another?

A

supination

56
Q

What is a common property of pronator and supinator muscles?

A

fibers run obliquely

57
Q

Where does pronator teres originate and insert?

A

originates on ulna and humerus, inserts on radius

58
Q

Where does aupinator originate and insert?

A

originates on ulna and humerus, inserts on radius

59
Q

What are the attachments of pronator quadratus?

A

originates on ulna and inserts on radius

60
Q

What is the function of pronator quadratus?

A

assists pronator teres in pronation

61
Q

List muscles of pronation and supination

A

pronator teres pronator quadratus supinator

62
Q

Are the muscles of pronation and supination superficial or deep?

A

deep

63
Q

Which muscle of pronation/supination wraps around the radius?

A

supinator

64
Q

What are the nerves that supply the upper limb?

A
  • musculocutaneous - median nerve -ulnar nerve - radial nerve
65
Q

What is the innervation of biceps?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

66
Q

What is the innervation of brachialis?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

67
Q

What is the innervation of brachioradialis?

A

radial nerve

68
Q

What is the innervation of triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

69
Q

What is the innervation of anconeus?

A

radial nerve

70
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

median nerve

71
Q

What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

median nerve

72
Q

What is the innervation of supinator?

A

radial nerve

73
Q

Identify the following muscle

A

Biceps Brachii

74
Q

Label the following diagram

A
75
Q

Identify the following muscle

A

Brachialis

76
Q

Identify the following muscle

A

brachioradialis

77
Q

Identify the following muscle

A

Triceps brachii

78
Q

Identify the following muscle

A

anconeus

79
Q

Identify the following muscles

A
80
Q

Label the nerves of the upper limb

A
81
Q
A

OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function (10 decks)

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