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OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function > The Ankle Joint and Leg Region > Flashcards

The Ankle Joint and Leg Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three joints between the tibia and fibula?

A
  • proximal, intermediate and distal tibiofibular joints
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2
Q

Classify the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

synovial, mutliaxial, planar

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3
Q

What are the movements at the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A
  • small ROM

- gliding motion in each of the major planes

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4
Q

What type of joint is the intermediate tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous - very small ROM

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5
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous - tiny ROM

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6
Q

What movements result in the movement of tibiofibular joints?

A

movement at the ankle - moves upwards and rotates during dorsiflexion

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7
Q

What are the movements of the foot?

A

plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, eversion and inversion

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8
Q

What is the big toe termed anatomically?

A

hallux

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9
Q

Which digit has only 2 phlanages?

A

hallux

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10
Q

What forms the arches of the foot?

A

articulations between the various bones and connective tissue

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11
Q

How many arches of the foot are there?

A

3 - medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal and transverse arches

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12
Q

What is the acronym for the tarsals?

A 
Cute - Calcaneus
Tina - Talus
Never - Navicular
Could - Cuboid
Cooperate - Cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral)
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13
Q

How many tarsals are there?

A

7

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14
Q

Classify the talocrural joint (ankle)

A

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

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15
Q

What are the movements at the talocrural joint?

A

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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16
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the talocrural joint?

A

Malleolar mortise and Talus

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17
Q

When is the talocrural joint strongest? Why?

A

Dorsiflexion as facets grip the talus tightly and the trochlear of the talus is wider anteriorly.

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18
Q

What are the supporting ligaments of the ankle joint?

A

medial collateral/deltoid ligament and lateral collateral ligament

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19
Q

What is the structural differences between the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint?

A
  • medial: large, expansive, triangular shaped

- lateral: smaller, less expansive

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20
Q

What are the 4 parts of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint? What do they each limit?

A

anterior tibiofibular - plantar flexion
posterior tibiofibular - dorsiflexion
tibionavicular (anterior)- plantar flexion
tibiocalcaneal (dorsiflexion)- dorsiflexion

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21
Q

What are the 3 parts of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle joint? What do they limit?

A

anterior talofibular - plantar flexion
posterior talofibular - dorsiflexion
calcaneofibular - dorsiflexion

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22
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament of the ankle joint prevent?

A

subluxation of the joint during eversion

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23
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle joint prevent?

A

subluxation of the joint during inversion

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24
Q

Name the joints between the tarsals

A

subtalar joint

transverse tarsal joint - formed by taleocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid joint

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25
Q

What is the classification of tarsal joints?

A

synovial, plane, multiaxial

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26
Q

What are the movements of tarsal joints?

A

inversion, eversion, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion

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27
Q

What are the benefits of inversion and eversion?

A

allows adjustment to uneven surfaces, increasing efficiency in gait and flexibility of the foot.

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28
Q

What are the surfaces of the Tarsometatarsal joints?

A

3 cuneiform ones and cuboid bone with the metatarsals

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29
Q

Classify the Tarsometatarsal joints

A

synovial, planar joints

30
Q

Describe the movement at the tarsometatarsal joints

A

very little

31
Q

What is the articulations of the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

distal head of metatarsal base and base of adjacent phalanx at each digit

32
Q

What is the classification of metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

synovial, biaxial, condyloid joints

33
Q

What are the movements at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

flexion extension, abduction and adduction

34
Q

What are the ligaments that support the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A
  • collateral ligament
  • planar ligaments
  • deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
35
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

limits flexion

36
Q

What is the function of the planar ligaments at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

limits extension

37
Q

What is the function of the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments at the metatarsophalangeal joints?

A

keeps metatarsal head together during weight bearing, prevents splaying of metatarsals under load.

38
Q

What is the classification of the interphalangeal joints of the foot?

A

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

39
Q

What movements occur at the interphalangeal joints of the foot?

A

flexion and extension

40
Q

What ligaments support the interphalangeal joints of the foot and what are their functions?

A
  • collateral ligament: limits flexion

- planar ligament: limits extension

41
Q

What bones allow the formation of arches of the foot?

A

tarsal and metatarsal bones

42
Q

What is the purpose of arches of the foot?

A

enhance weight bearing ability of the foot

43
Q

What supportive features of the arches of the foot are there?

A

plantar aponeurosis
long plantar ligament
calcaneonavicular ligament
muscles of the foot and lower leg

44
Q

What are the dorsiflexors of the foot?

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius

45
Q

Where do the muscles that cause dorsiflexion lie in relation to the foot?

46
Q

What is the most superficial and the most deep dorsiflexors?

A
  • tibialis anterior (superficial)

- peroneus tertius (deep)

47
Q

What are the attachments of the tibialis anterior?

A

arises from tibia and inserts of tarsals

48
Q

What is the attachments of extensor hallucis longus?

A

fibular to proximal phalanx of hallux

49
Q

What are the attachments of extensor digitorum longus?

A

fibular to digits 2 - 5

50
Q

what are the attachments of peroneus tertius?

A

fibula to metatarsals

51
Q

Where do muscles that cause eversion of the foot lie?

52
Q

What are the everters of the foot?

A

peroneus longus and brevis

53
Q

What are the attachments of peroneus longus?

A

fibula to medial cuneiform and metatarsal

54
Q

What are the attachments of peroneus brevis?

A

fibula to metatarsal

55
Q

What is peroneus longus and brevis innervated by?

A

superficial tibial nerve

56
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial group that cause plantar flexion?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

57
Q

What are the muscles in the deep group that cause plantar flexion?

A

tibialis posterior flexor digitorus longus and flexor hallucis longus

58
Q

Which is deep to the other, gastrocnemius or soleus?

59
Q

Where does the soleus muscle insert?

A

achilles tendon to pull foot up

60
Q

What are the attachments of tibialis posterior?

A

tibia and fibula to navicular

61
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?

A

tibia to distal phalanx 2 - 5

62
Q

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus?

A

fibula to distal phalanx 1

63
Q

What are the attachments of gastrocnemius?

A

femur condyles to achilles tendon

64
Q

What are the attachments of soleus?

A

fibula to tendo calcaneus

65
Q

What are the plantar flexors innervated by?

A

tibial nerve

66
Q

What movement of the foot is a key propulsor in gait?

A

plantar flexion

67
Q

What are the muscles that cause inversion?

A

tibialis anterior as it inserts on medial aspect of foot

68
Q

What is the purpose of the superior and inferior peroneal retinaculum?

A

bind down the peroneus longus and brevis behind the lateral malleolus

69
Q

Where do the peroneus longus and brevis muscles run behind?

A

lateral malleolus

70
Q

What is the function of flexor retinaculum?

A

converts bony grooves into canals for tendons of the tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus as they pass behind the medial malleolus

71
Q

What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

A

binds the skin of the foot and provides an attachment sit for foot muscles and maintains the arches of the foot

OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function (10 decks)

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