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OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function > The Shoulder Region > Flashcards

The Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

clavicle and scapulae

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the pectoral girdle?

A

-holds arm onto axial skeleton -helps position the shoulder socket to get arm into different positions -gives more mobility

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3
Q

Describe the scapular bone

A

large, triangular shaped flat bone

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4
Q

Why does the scapular have so many processes?

A

large amount of muscle attachment to orientate it and move the upper limb

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5
Q

What are the angles of the scapula?

A

superior, inferior and lateral (acromial)

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6
Q

What is the most superior piece of the shoulder?

A

acromion

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7
Q

what are the processes of the scapula?

A

spine, acromion and coracoid process

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8
Q

what are the spaces of the scapular?

A

subscapular fossa, infraspinous fossa and supraspinous fossa and the glenoid cavity

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9
Q

Where do the infraspinous and supraspinous fossae lay on the scapula?

A

above and below the spine

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10
Q

what does the acromial end of the clavicle attach to? How is it shaped?

A

scapula flat

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11
Q

what does the sternal end of the clavicle attach to? how is it shaped?

A

-sternum -rounded

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12
Q

What purpose does the curvatures of the clavicles have?

A

help to bear weight

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13
Q

what are the two joints of the pectoral girdle?

A

scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint

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14
Q

what is the scapulothoracic joint made up of?

A

attachment of the scapular and clavicle to the axial skeleton. Formed by the clavicle pressing onto the axial skeleton

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15
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint classified as?

A

-synovial -multiaxial -plane/gliding joint

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16
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint made up of?

A

clavicle articulation with the manubrium

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17
Q

What are the supportive features of the joint made up of?

A

-articular disc for shock absorption -costoclavicular ligament: joins first rib to clavicle -sternoclavicular ligament: surrounds the joint

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18
Q

What movements can the sternoclavicular joint do?

A

-elevation -depression -protraction -retraction - bit of rotation when rotating the shoulder

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19
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint classified as?

A
  • synovial -multiaxial -plane/gliding
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20
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint made up of?

A

lateral end of clavicle to acromion of the scapular

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21
Q

What supportive structures does the acromioclavicular joint made up of?

A

-articular disc for shock absorption -acromioclavicular ligaments: from acromion to clavicle directly around the joint -coracoclavicular ligament: from coracoid to clavicle

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22
Q

What are the movements of the scapula?

A

-elevation -depression -protraction -retraction -lateral (upward) rotation -medial (downward) rotation

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23
Q

What muscles cause depression?

A

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

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24
Q

What muscles cause elevation?

A

trapezius, levator scapulae and serratus anterior

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25
Q

what are the major muscles that move the scapular? What nerve supplies them?

A

trapezius, rhomboids and serratus. Supplied from branches of the brachial plexus

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26
Q

What are the attachment points of the trapezius?

A

Origin: Occiptial bone of the skull and the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Insertion: clavicle and scapula spine

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27
Q

What actions does the trapezius perform?

A

-elevation -retraction -lateral rotation

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28
Q

what actions does the… 1) middle trapezius 2) upper trapezius 3)lower trapezius

A

1) elevation 2) elevation and lateral rotation 3) depression and lateral rotation

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29
Q

What are the attachments of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

origin: SPs of the thoracic vertebrae insertion: medial boarder of scapulae

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30
Q

what are the actions of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

retract and laterally rotate the scapular

31
Q

what angle are the fibers of the rhomboid major and minor?

A

oblique to rotate

32
Q

what are the attachments of serratus anterior?

A

origin: ribs laterally insertion: anterior scapular margin

33
Q

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

A

protract and laterally rotate the scapular

34
Q

What is the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

origin: TPs of cervical vertebrae insertion: superior boarder and angle of the scapular

35
Q

Classify the glenohumeral joint

A
  • synovial -multiaxial -ball and socket
36
Q

What makes up the glenohumeral joint?

A

head of humerus and glenoid cavity

37
Q

Why is the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint looser than others?

A

to allow more ROM

38
Q

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint? What plane do they occur on?

A

sagittal plane: flexion and extension frontal plane: adduction and abduction transverse plane: lateral and medial rotation circumduction

39
Q

What makes the shoulder joint relatively unstable?

A

large ROM

40
Q

What projections on the proximal humerus are for muscle attachment?

A

head, greater and lesser tubercles

41
Q

What ligaments are associated with the glenohumeral joint?

A

coracoacromial and corahumeral (extrinsic)

42
Q

Describe the coroacromial ligament

A

goes from coracoid to acromion. Reinforces superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint

43
Q

describe the corahumeral ligament

A

Goes from coracoid to greater tubercle. Sits outside the joint capsule and runs superiorly to help suspend the head of the humerus

44
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles commonly known as?

A

rotator cuff muscles

45
Q

What muscles are listed as rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • teres minor - subscapularis - infraspinatus - supraspinatus
46
Q

describe the characteristics and purpose of rotator cuff muscles

A

small muscles tightly situated around the glenohumeral joint to support it and hold the head of the humerus inside the capsule. Functions similarly to ligaments but are muscles.

47
Q

What muscles go from the trunk to the humerus?

A

pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

48
Q

What muscles go from the girdle to the humerus?

A

deltoid, teres major and coracobrachialis

49
Q

What rotator cuff muscle sits anterior to the joint?

A

subscapularis

50
Q

what muscles sit superficially and posterior to the joint?

A

teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus

51
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles innervated by?

A

brachial plexus

52
Q

what are the attachments of pectoralis major?

A

sternum, ribs and clavicle to greater tubercle of the humerus

53
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

flexion, adduction and medial rotation

54
Q

What direction do the fibers of pectoralis major go?

A

oblique, horizontal for rotation

55
Q

What does the pectoralis major predominantly act upon?

A

arm but indirectly acts upon the shoulder

56
Q

What is pectoralis major innervated by?

A

brachial plexus

57
Q

What are the attachments of latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to intertubular groove of the humerus

58
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

extension, adduction and medial rotation - primarily extensor

59
Q

What are the attachment points of the deltoid?

A

scapula spine and clavicle to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

60
Q

what does the anterior deltoid cause?

A

flexion and medial rotation

61
Q

what doe the middle deltoid cause?

A

abduction

62
Q

what does the posterior deltoid cause?

A

lateral rotation and extension

63
Q

what are the attachments of teres major?

A

inferior scapula to humerus

64
Q

what does teres major cause?

A

extension, abduction and medial rotation

65
Q

what are the attachments of coracobrachialis?

A

scapula to shaft of humerus

66
Q

What are the actions of coracobrachialis?

A

flexion and abduction

67
Q

What are the innervations for 1) deltoid 2) teres major 3) coracobrachialis

A

1) brachial plexus 2) brachial plexus 3) musculocutaneous nerve

68
Q

How does the coracobrachialis differ to the deltoid and teres major?

A

it is a small, assisting muscle

69
Q

What is the name of the main artery supplying the upper limb and why does it travel where it does?

A
  • axillary - travels under armpit as is the safest passage
70
Q

Label the following:

  • superior, inferior and lateral angles
  • spine, acromion and coracoid process
  • subscapular, infraspinatus and supraspinatus fossa
  • glenoid cavity
A
71
Q

Label the following:

  • trapezius
  • rhomboid major and minor
  • teres major and minor
  • deltoid
  • infraspinatus
  • serratus anterior
  • levator scapulae
A
72
Q

Label the rotator cuff muscles

A
73
Q
A

OTHY 102 - Musculoskeletal Structure and Function (10 decks)

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