The Working Cell - Ch. 5

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

movement of molecules from areas of HIGH concentration to areas of LOW concentration

Question 2

osmosis

Answer 2

passive transport of water across selectively permeable membrane; a kind of diffusion

Question 3

What type of membrane transport requires energy?

Answer 3

Active Transport

Question 4

What’s the major difference between active and passive transport besides energy requirement?

Answer 4

Active transport is the movement of a substance AGAINST the concentration– from low concentration to high, instead of high to low.

Question 5

hypertonic

Answer 5

solutions with higher concentration of solute; lower concentration of water

Question 6

hypotonic

Answer 6

solution with lower concentration of solute; higher concentration of water

Question 7

isotonic

Answer 7

solutions of equal concentration

Question 8

Which type of environment is best for animal cells?

Answer 8

isotonic environment

Question 9

Which type of environment is best for plant cells?

Answer 9

hypotonic environment

Question 10

An animal cell placed in a ____ solution would swell and maybe burst.

Answer 10

hypotonic

Question 11

An animal cell or plant cell will shrivel/shrink when placed in a ____ solution.

Answer 11

hypertonic

Question 12

osmoregulation

Answer 12

control of water balance

Question 13

exocytosis

Answer 13

movement of material OUT of the cytoplasm using vesicles

Question 14

endocytosis

Answer 14

movement of material INTO the cytoplasm using vesicles

Question 15

energy

Answer 15

the ability to do work

Question 16

What’s the difference between potential energy and kinetic energy?

Answer 16

Potential energy is stored energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement.

Question 17

What’s the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 17

energy in the universe cannot be created nor destroyed; can only change form

Question 18

What’s the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 18

As energy changes forms, it always results in greater entropy (disorder)

Question 19

Higher entropy = _____ disorder (higher or lower)

Answer 19

higher

Question 20

What are the different forms of energy?

Answer 20

Radiation (light)
Thermal (heat)
Chemical

Question 21

enzymes

Answer 21

specialized proteins that accelerate chemical reactions

Question 22

____ determines which reaction an enzyme catalyzes

Answer 22

shape

Question 23

a substrate fits into a region of the enzyme called ____

Answer 23

active site

Question 24

What’s a substrate?

Answer 24

specific reactant that an enzyme acts on

Question 25

competitive enzyme inhibition

Answer 25

mimics the substrate and competes for the active site

Question 26

noncompetitive enzyme inhibition

Answer 26

causes the action site to change shape, and it no longer functions

Question 27

transport proteins

Answer 27

membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane

Question 28

ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine plus a tail of three _______

Answer 28

phosphate groups. Each phosphate group is negatively charged.

Question 29

What happens to ATP when the phosphate at the tip of the triphosphate tail is released?

Answer 29

ADP. The phosphate that is released is then transferred to another molecule, which provides energy for cellular work.

Question 30

Is ATP a renewable resource? T/F

Answer 30

True. ATP can be restored by adding a phosphate group back to ADP, and the cycle can continue.