Photosynthesis - Ch. 7 Flashcards
What is the overall reaction for photosynthesis?
6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H20 (water) + light energy —> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen)
During photosynthesis, plants take in _____ and give off ______
Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen
During photosynthesis, gasses are exchanged through openings in the leaf called the ______
stomata
Where in the cell plant does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast. Light Reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane. Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma.
What 3 end products are made during the Light Dependent Reactions?
Oxygen, ATP, NADPH
What happens during the Light Dependent Reactions?
Solar energy is converted into chemical energy.
Water is split, oxygen is released.
What is the photosystem?
It is like a light-gathering antenna. Contains cluster of pigment molecules, a reaction center, and primary electron acceptor.
What are the steps for the flow of electrons during the Light Dependent Reactions?
- Water is split, making e-, H+, O2
- Electrons go to Water Splitting Photosystem
- Sun boots energy of electrons from low to high
- Proteins in ETC accept electrons and pass them down ETC
- Electrons go to NADPH Producing Photosystem
- Sun boosts energy of electrons from low to high again
- Protein of ETC accepts and passes them down ETC again
- NADP+ accepts electrons to become NADPH
What is one of the byproducts of the Light Dependent Reactions that will no longer be used in photosynthesis?
Oxygen
Thylakoid Membrane
The photosynthetic membrane within a chloroplast that contains light gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains
Grana/Granum
Stack of thylakoids
Light-dependent reactions
reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
Chlorophyll
Light-absorbing green-colored pigment that begins the process of photosynthesis
Is photosynthesis an endergonic reaction?
Yes– it takes in energy.
Short wavelengths have…
high energy
Sunlight energy is also called…
electromagnetic energy
What are the reactants for photosynthesis?
light, carbon dioxide, and water
Carotenoids
A type of pigment in plants that absorb violet/blue-green light. They appear yellow/red/orange, like in autumn.
What gas is needed for Light Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
What 2 products from the Light Dependent Reactions are needed for the Calvin Cycle?
ATP and NADPH. They are needed to convert 3-carbon molecules to G3P.
What are the inputs and outputs of the Calvin Cycle?
Inputs: CO2, ATP, NADPH
Outputs: one G3P, which can make glucose and other products (like starch)
What is the enzyme that attaches CO2 to RuBP (a 5-carbon sugar)?
Rubisco
What are all the steps of the Calvin Cycle?
- Enzyme adds CO2 to 5-carbon sugar, RuBP. The molecule then breaks into two 3-Carbon molecules.
- Using ATP and NADPH from the light reactions, enzymes convert the 3-carbon molecules to 3-carbon sugar known as G3P
- For every 3 molecules of CO2 that enter the cycle, the net output is one G3P sugar. The other G3P sugars continue in the cycle.
- Enzymes rearrange the remaining G3P sugars to regenerate RuBP. Cycle turns again.
