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Biology 102 > Organic Molecules - Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Organic Molecules - Ch. 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

monomer

A

single basic subunit; a building block

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1
Q

tetravalent

A

4 vacancies in valence shell, so can form up to 4 covalent bonds

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2
Q

polymer

A

a large molecule made up of many identical or similar monomers bound together

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3
Q

dehydration reaction

A

monomer added to polymer, makes longer polymer and a molecule of water is lost

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4
Q

hydrolysis

A

polymer breaks into tiny monomers; a molecule of water is needed

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5
Q

What are the 4 classes of organic molecules and an example of each?

A

Carbs (e.g. glucose) Lipids (e.g. fats), Proteins (e.g. hemoglobin), Nucleic Acids (e.g. DNA)

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6
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugars; includes glucose, fructose, galactose

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7
Q

disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides linked together with a chemical bond

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8
Q

polysaccharide

A

large chains of monosaccharides; found in 2 basic groups: storage and structural

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9
Q

What is the STORAGE polysaccharide of plants?

A

Starch

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10
Q

What is the STORAGE polysaccharide of animals?

A

Glycogen

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11
Q

What is the STRUCTURAL polysaccharide of plants?

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

What is the STRUCTURAL polysaccharide of animals?

A

Chitin

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13
Q

What are the storage & structural polysaccharides formed of?

A

glucose monomers

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14
Q

lipids

A

greasy/oily compounds that do not dissolve in water (hydrophobic)

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15
Q

What are the different kinds of fats?

A

Dietary fat (triglycerides)
Saturated fat
Unsaturated fat
Trans fat

16
Q

triglyceride

A

polymer not built up of identical building blocks; 1 molecule of glycerol is bonded to 3 fatty acids, linked together by dehydration reaction

17
Q

saturated fats

A

contains only single C-C bonds; straight; solid at room temp.

18
Q

unsaturated fats

A

double C-C bonds causes kink; liquid at room temp.

19
Q

Why is fat important?

A
  1. 2x energy as carbs
  2. Store energy
  3. Cushions vital organs
  4. Acts as insulators
  5. Precursors to important compounds
20
Q

trans fat

A

unsaturated fats that are hydrogenated to produce saturated fats; created artificially in a lab

21
Q

steroid

A

a type of lipid; C skeleton with 4 fused rings; cholesterol is the “base steroid” to create estrogen and testosterone

22
Q

What are the major types of proteins and their functions?

A 
Structural- provides support
Storage- provide amino acid for growth
Contractile- helps movement/muscles
Transport- helps transport substances
Enzymes- helps chemical reactions
23
Q

protein

A

polymer of amino acid monomers linked together with peptide bonds; most elaborate and diverse of all organic molecules

24
Q

What are the 4 covalent partners in an amino acid that are bonded to a central Carbon atom?

A 
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
Amino group (-NH2) 
Side group (varies)
Hydrogen atom
25
Q

How are amino acids joined?

A

dehydration reaction links adjacent amino acids together with a peptide bond

26
Q

polypeptide

A

resulting long chain of amino acids

27
Q

What monomers are used to build proteins?

A

Amino Acids

28
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

29
Q

Why is carbon such a versatile element?

A

It has 4 vacancies in its valence shell and so it must bond with other atoms in 4 covalent bonds that can branch off in 4 directions.

30
Q

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

31
Q

What are the 2 types of nucleic acid?

A

DNA and RNA

32
Q

What does each nucleotide monomer have?

A
  1. Sugar (5-C), either Deoxyribose or Ribose
  2. Phosphate group
  3. Nitrogenous base
33
Q

denaturation

A

the loss of shape in a protein

34
Q

What is the one thing all lipids have in common?

A

They are hydrophobic

Biology 102 (17 decks)

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