Cellular Respiration - Ch. 6

Question 1

In glycolysis, what is the net ATP made per glucose?

Answer 1

2 ATP

Question 2

ATP -> -> -> ____ + _____ + energy

Answer 2

ATP -> -> -> ADP + P + energy

Question 3

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 3

the aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

Question 4

What is the chemical formula for the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6 O2) –> Carbon Dioxide (6 CO2) + Water (6 H2O) + ATP [Note: Carbon Dioxide & water are the PRODUCTS)

Question 5

Producers

Answer 5

autotrophs; organisms that produce organic molecules from inorganic substances

Question 6

Consumers

Answer 6

heterotrophs; organisms that use the bodies of other organisms as a source of food energy

Question 7

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Answer 7

Glycolysis: cytoplasm
Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondrian matric
Electron Transport: inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 8

What is NADH and FADH2?

Answer 8

electron carrier molecules

Question 9

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 9

2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 10

What happens during the Preparatory Reaction (Step 1.5)?

Answer 10

Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis step) is converted into acetyl CoA. Carbon Dioxide is made.

Question 11

What are the products of the Krebs/Citric Acid cycle?

Answer 11

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Question 12

What happens during the Krebs/Citric Acid cycle?

Answer 12

Pyruvic acid breaks down into CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and electrons.

Question 13

What are all the steps that occur during the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 13

1. NADH + FADH2 transfer electrons to Electron Transport Chain.
2. Hydrogen ions are pumped from matrix to intermembrane space.
3. H+ ions accumulate. They diffuse down concentration gradient through ATP synthase, making ATP, go down into the matrix and then back out again. As it spins, ADP + P makes molecule of ATP. (Process called chemiosmosis)

Question 14

What is the final electron acceptor during the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 14

Oxygen. It is required for aerobic respiration. Electrons are passed from protein to protein as they fall down the “staircase”, releasing energy while they do so, and then eventually fall down to oxygen, the final acceptor.

Question 15

During a redox reaction, the addition of electrons is called ______ while the removal of electrons is called _______.

Answer 15

During a redox reaction, the addition of electrons is called REDUCTION while the removal of electrons is called OXIDATION.

Question 16

What is the anaerobic harvest of food energy called?

Answer 16

fermentation

Question 17

What happens during fermentation in microorganisms?

Answer 17

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol (ethyl alcohol)

Question 18

What happens during fermentation in human muscle cells?

Answer 18

Glucose is broken down to lactic acid

Question 19

Which organelle contains matrix?

Answer 19

Mitochondrian

Question 20

Is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 20

Exergonic

Question 21

During which phase of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced?

Answer 21

Electron Transport

Question 22

Why does fermentation occur?

Answer 22

Muscles spend ATP faster than oxygen can be delivered.

Question 23

What happens during glycolysis?

Answer 23

Glucose (6C) is broken into 2 pyruvic acid (3C)

Question 24

Chemiosmosis

Answer 24

using the potential energy stored in a H+ ion concentration gradient across a membrane to do useful work