The Wars Of The Roses

Question 1

Henry VI

Answer 1

royal minority - regency until 1437
crowned 1429, crowned king of france 1431
rise of suffolk and somerset
1450- loss of normandy
suffolk sent into exile
richard of york setting himself up for throne

Question 2

Lead up to beginning of war

Answer 2

1450- jack Cade rebellion, henry flees city
- richard of york returns from exile
1453- Henry has mental breakdown
1454- Richard of york appointed protector
henry’s heir edward born
1455- henry recovers - but war inevitable

Question 3

1455-1461

Answer 3

1455- first battle at st albans, yorkist victory, somerset killed, henry captured
1460- york killed at battle of wakefield
edward duke of york claims throne backed by warwick
queens council between margaret of anjou and mary of gueldres
1461- Edward IV declared king

Question 4

1461-1469

Answer 4

1461- yorkist vistory at towton - bloody battle
- 3 months later edward crowned
attempt to remove 3 henrys from history, still had usurper reputation
1462- scottish failed attack on northhampton castle on behalf of henry VI
1464- edward IV marries Elizabeth woodeville

Question 5

Second phase on conflict 1469-1471

Answer 5

edward loses favour with warwick - looks to his brother
1470- readeption of Henry VI
1471- Edward IV reasserted his rule
- warwick killed at battle of barnet
- victory over lancastrians at tewkesbury
death of henry VI some time during this period - killed on edward’s orders?

Question 6

Richard III

Answer 6

Edward Iv dies 1483
Edward V never crowned - declared illegitimate by uncle and protector Richard
Richard takes throne 1483
soon after disappearance of princes from tower of london
1484- titulus regulus - legitimises right to throne

Question 7

End of wars of Roses

Answer 7

1483- Richard III faces rebellion from duke of buckingham
1485- rebellion from wife of Edward IV, along with henry tudor
in last decades, rise of tudor family due to marriage to widowed catherine de valois
exploited welsh lineage, landed there to gather forces
august 1485- battle of bosworth - death of richard III
end of roses

Question 8

views on Richard III

Answer 8

tudor writers - vergil, moore, shakespeare
evidence must be evaluated critically
personal projection of power important, tudors wanted to undermine him
richards alienation of yorkists and reliance on small group made him disliked

Question 9

Henry VII

Answer 9

tudor claim to the throne very weak
further rebellions invasions and plots
married elizabeth of york (daughter of edward IV)
changed richard’s law to legitimise elizabeth

Question 10

new monarchy

Answer 10

coined by J R Green
idea that kings sought to reassert power and authority over parliament and government
mainly edward IV and henry VII
emphasis on divinely ordained status
king was to be defender of realm and source of justice
return to ruling techniques used by kings like edward I
judicial reform, reining in nobles, securing the treasury
seen by some as rise of bureaucracy

Question 11

perkin warbeck

Answer 11

1490- claimed to be richard duke of york
1496- james Iv backed him, invaded northern england
forced Henry VII to sign treaty of perpetual peace in 1502
1503 marriage of James IV and MArgaret tudor - socts in line for english throne

Question 12

Primary Sources

Answer 12

Jack Cade proclamation o grievences 1450 - demands
Richard York claims throne 1460- John Whethamstead- shows he didnt have the support he thought he did
Henry VI by John Blacman- shows bad rule
Henry tudors challenge to richard III -crowland chronicle - popular bad reaction to richard