Parliament

Question 1

English Parliament

Answer 1

derives from texts like magna carta 
seen as expressing needs of community 
vastly developed by edward I 
taxation drives change 
beginning of petitioning of king under Edward I 
highest source of judicial judgement 
inconsistent in size, body or business

Question 2

parliament under Edward II

Answer 2

ordinances of 1311- not allowed to go to war without consent of parliament - ed I had put them in a lot of debt
process of petitions to be dealt with by parliament rather than monarchy
parliament able to legitimise deposition of edward, he had forfeited rights of king
showed parliament could meet without king and have to power to depose them

Question 3

Scottish parliament

Answer 3

develops from kings council
only after death of Alexander III is parliament seen as a representative body
balliol sees parliament as an essential part of government
bruce uses parliament to legitimise his reign
use of parliament to deal with succession
highest court in kingdom taxation used a lot less frequently
different context to england as much more decentralised and much more local power

Question 4

Important Primary sources

Answer 4

Magna Carta - sets out details of how parliament should be formed - due to bad kingship of John
Provisions of Oxford - barons supervise goverment personnel and administration, revolutionary changes but doesnt last
Parliamentary declaration on killing of douglas 1452- shows limited power of parliament against king when trying to avoid civil war
Sumptuary Legislation 1430/1458 - parliament able to usr their power to hold lower classes in line and avoid rise of growing middle classes

Question 5

Secondary Source

Answer 5

Tanner - end of bruce dynasty and 2 weak stewarts allowed parliaments voice to remain strong

Question 6

New Monarchy

Answer 6

coined by J R Green
idea that kings sought to reassert power and authority over parliament and government
mainly edward IV and henry VII
emphasis on divinely ordained status
king was to be defender of realm and source of justice
return to ruling techniques used by kings like edward I
judicial reform, reining in nobles, securing the treasury
seen by some as rise of bureaucracy

Question 7

Conclusions

Answer 7

summoned less in both realms- reduced need for taxation
judicial and legislative functions performed elsewhere
jamesIV creates other institutions so parliament doesnt have to be called as regularly
in england new monarchy so move away from parliamentary power