Henry II

Question 1

beginnings

Answer 1

born 1133
son of geoffery plantagenaut and daughter of henry I
2 when anarchy begins
aged 14 - lands in england to attempt rebellion
runs out of money, stephen bails him out
knighted by David I of scotland 1149

Question 2

3 deaths and a treaty

Answer 2

1151- henry dad dies, gets title of count of anjou
1153- david I dies
- count of bologne dies (stephens heir)
1153- treaty of winchester - henry adopted as stephens heir

Question 3

marriage

Answer 3

1152- marries eleanor of aquitaine - marriage to king of france annulled
now controls aquitaine, anjou, normandy and more
bigger landholder than the king of france
henry allows eleanor to run aquitaine as her own territory

Question 4

succession to throne

Answer 4

succeeded to throne 1154 aged 21
idea to bring nobles together and heal wounds by joining in foreign war to conquer ireland
however spent a lot of time in france dealing with lands there -2/3 of reign

Question 5

legal reforms

Answer 5

constitutions of clarendon 1164- supremacy of royal courts over ecclesiastical courts - differences between common and canon law
assizes of clarendon 1166- juries of 12- set soe punishments eg ordeal by water, exile
inquest of sherriffs-addresses corruption and issues with enforcement of assizes

Question 6

Judicial Bureaucracy

Answer 6

writ- written order by king- became much more common under henry - jury decided outcome
‘recent dispossesion’ - reversing a seizure of land
‘death of ancestor’ - reversing or blocking of inheritance

Question 7

Thomas Becket

Answer 7

friend of henry
made archbishop pf canterbury to get henry a voice within church
switches sides and sides against henry and his reforms
leads to his murder in church 1170, turned into a martyrdom
1174- henry visits tomb and receives penance
canonised and church became pilgrimage site

Question 8

William the Lion

Answer 8

1165 - becomes king
1166- asks henry for northumberland back ,says no
1174- william captured at alnwick and taken to henry
1174 treaty of falaise - william surrenders scotland to henry
1175- king of ireland swore similar oath - conquest of isles complete

Question 9

Primary Sources

Answer 9

treaty of falaise 1174- english overlordship
quitclaim of canterbury 1189- scotland not under english overlordship
constitutions of clarendon 1164- resricting ecclesiastical privileges
alan of tewkesbury on clarendon - reaction of church to reforms
walter of coventry -diminishes scots

Question 10

Secondary Sources

Answer 10

Davies - by end of reign ‘ he was in all but title over-king of britain and lord of ireland’