David I

Question 1

Pre-kingship

Answer 1

Malcolm IIIs youngest son
earl of huntingdon and prince of cumbria, so one of Henry Is biggest landholders
had grown up in english court
brother dies heirless, he rallied an army and seized throne
failed attempt at rebellion from brother illegitimate son
inaugurated at scone 1124

Question 2

David and Henry I

Answer 2

1126- david swears loyalty to maud as henrys daugther and heir
1330- david ruled in henrys place whilst he was in normandy
whilst south, david faced rebellion from Angus of Moray , defeated and turned into an earldom

Question 3

death of Henry I

Answer 3

dies 1135 in Normandy
stephen seizes throne
david backs maud and invades northern england
stephen comes to terms, david gets cumberland and son is earl of northumberland
david rebelled against stephen again during the anarchy

Question 4

A Davidian Revolution?

Answer 4

feudal settlement
reformed religious houses (Augustinians)
anglo-french administrative practices (charters and writs)
urbanisation
cionage and mints (david first scot to mint coins)
or would these have happened anyway?

Question 5

feudal settlement

Answer 5

bringing of anglo-norman nobles up to scotland and enobling them
eg Robert de Brus and Water Fitzalan
given lands generally in galloway, newly conquered land outwith scotia proper (who david could trust)

Question 6

Scholarship on Feudalism

Answer 6

Marxist historiography - idea of ‘production’ focusing on manor as an institution
social order emphasised formalised clientship (eg land for military service)
has became controversial due to prominent critiques (eg eynolds)
general view- knights, castles and land grants all started about same time

Question 7

french innovations

Answer 7

armoured knights - successfully copied in scotland in 11th/12th C.
knights fee- different to scottish ‘service’ for peasants
homage and fealty - formalised clientage
mots and baileys and castles- fortifies aristocratic residences

Question 8

urbanisation

Answer 8

beginning of foundation of burghs in scotland eg Roxburgh, Berwick and Perth
connections to north sea trade
provided high status goods for king and elites
monopoly of trade of many goods
commercialised craftsmen

Question 9

battle of the standardand after

Answer 9

1138- during anarchy against stephen
socttish loss but david survived
led to him gaining consessions from stephen
these consessions were taken back by Henry II
knighted henry II before he was king and before Davids death in 1153

Question 10

Primary Sources

Answer 10

Orderic Vitalis- sees scots as savage but david as educated and more english
Aelred of Rievaulx- battle of standard in favour of english
- but gives henry a good image in lament by ignoring certain points
Bishop Robert on funding of st andrews burgh- davids urbanisation
Foundation charter for selkirk monastery - when david was earl- shows religious change