The urban world Flashcards
What is urbanisation
The proportion of the world’s population that live in cities is growing.
What is rural-urban migration
The movement of people from the countryside into towns and cities
What is natural increase
Where the birth rate is higher than the death rate.
Examples of push factors
Farming is hard and poorly paid, few doctors and hospitals, isolated due to poor roads, schools provide basic education,
Examples of pull factors
More well-paid jobs, a higher standard of living is possible, better education, better healthcare and medical facilities, public transport is better.
Rios importance
A major port- main exports are coffee, sugar and iron ore,
The Statue of Christ the redeemer is one of the seven wonders of the world,
The main industries are banking and finance.
Rio hosted the 2014 world cup and 2016 Olympic games.
Brazils industrial centre.
What is Rios North zone
The city’s main industrial and port area
Citys international airport
low-quality housing and favelas.
What is Rios west zone
Luxury apartments, tourist facilities and shopping malls.
The Olympic stadium is situated here.
What is Rios centro zone
The oldest part of the city, with many historic buildings,
main shopping area
financial centre
What is Rios south zone
Tourist hotels and beaches. Wealthy luxury flats. overlooked by Rocinha
Example of How have the authorities tried to improve health care in Rio
Santa Marta, it has few roads and the main access is an overcrowded cable car. It is 13 km from the nearest hospital. Medical staff took a health kit into people’s homes and were able to detect twenty different diseases and treat them, as a result, infant mortality fell and life expectancy increased.
Education challenges in Rio
A shortage of nearby schools
a shortage of teachers
poor training for teachers.
Solutions for poor education
Encouraging local people to volunteer to help in school
Opening a university in Rocinha favela
giving school grants to poor families.
Solutions to poor water supply
Seven new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014, and over 300 km of pipes were laid.
Solutions to poor energy supply in Rio
Installing 60 km of new power lines. Building a nuclear generator.
Types of employment in Rio
Port industries, Tourism, retail and distribution, Banking and finance and manufacturing.
Solutions to traffic congestion in Rio
Expansion of metro system
MAking roads one way.
What is the challenge with traffic congestion in Rio
The congestion causes pollution levels to rise and wastes time for commuters and businesses, the steep mountains make it hard for roads to be built. Tunnels are needed to connect the different areas of the city.
Challenge of water pollution in Rio
Many of the 55 rivers flowing into the bay are polluted
Over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pour into the bay each day.
Over 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters the bay each day.
Water pollution solutions
12 new sewage works
new sewage pipelines have been installed around badly polluted areas.
Where is the waste in Rio’s worst
In the Favelas, Access is difficult for lorries and so waste collection becomes impossible.
5 challenges of the squatter settlements in Rio
Construction, unemployment, crime, health, services.
What is the challenge of construction
HOuses are poorly built, they are built on the steep slopes, with limited road access.
What is the challenge with unemployment
Employment is poorly paid, and the average income may be less than $75 a month.
Challenges of crime in Rio
Drug culture and gangs dominate favelas, a high murder rate.
Health challenges in Rio
Infant mortality rates are high, waste cannot be disposed of, and disease can spread easily due to close proximity.
Services challenges in Rio
Homes do not have running water, electricity and no sewage connections.
How are favelas being improved
rasing taxes for richer people to pay for housing for the poor, rehousing, and moving people into new areas to prevent overcrowding.
What has been done in the Favela bairro project
Paved and formally named roads, water supply improved, the building of new healthcare and leisure facilities, installation of a cable car.
The effect of the Olympic games on favelas
Residents were kicked out, homes were demolished.
