The urban world

Question 1

What is urbanisation

Answer 1

The proportion of the world’s population that live in cities is growing.

Question 2

What is rural-urban migration

Answer 2

The movement of people from the countryside into towns and cities

Question 3

What is natural increase

Answer 3

Where the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

Question 4

Examples of push factors

Answer 4

Farming is hard and poorly paid, few doctors and hospitals, isolated due to poor roads, schools provide basic education,

Question 5

Examples of pull factors

Answer 5

More well-paid jobs, a higher standard of living is possible, better education, better healthcare and medical facilities, public transport is better.

Question 6

Rios importance

Answer 6

A major port- main exports are coffee, sugar and iron ore,
The Statue of Christ the redeemer is one of the seven wonders of the world,
The main industries are banking and finance.
Rio hosted the 2014 world cup and 2016 Olympic games.
Brazils industrial centre.

Question 7

What is Rios North zone

Answer 7

The city’s main industrial and port area
Citys international airport
low-quality housing and favelas.

Question 8

What is Rios west zone

Answer 8

Luxury apartments, tourist facilities and shopping malls.

The Olympic stadium is situated here.

Question 9

What is Rios centro zone

Answer 9

The oldest part of the city, with many historic buildings,
main shopping area
financial centre

Question 10

What is Rios south zone

Answer 10

Tourist hotels and beaches. Wealthy luxury flats. overlooked by Rocinha

Question 11

Example of How have the authorities tried to improve health care in Rio

Answer 11

Santa Marta, it has few roads and the main access is an overcrowded cable car. It is 13 km from the nearest hospital. Medical staff took a health kit into people’s homes and were able to detect twenty different diseases and treat them, as a result, infant mortality fell and life expectancy increased.

Question 12

Education challenges in Rio

Answer 12

A shortage of nearby schools
a shortage of teachers
poor training for teachers.

Question 13

Solutions for poor education

Answer 13

Encouraging local people to volunteer to help in school
Opening a university in Rocinha favela
giving school grants to poor families.

Question 14

Solutions to poor water supply

Answer 14

Seven new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014, and over 300 km of pipes were laid.

Question 15

Solutions to poor energy supply in Rio

Answer 15

Installing 60 km of new power lines. Building a nuclear generator.

Question 16

Types of employment in Rio

Answer 16

Port industries, Tourism, retail and distribution, Banking and finance and manufacturing.

Question 17

Solutions to traffic congestion in Rio

Answer 17

Expansion of metro system

MAking roads one way.

Question 18

What is the challenge with traffic congestion in Rio

Answer 18

The congestion causes pollution levels to rise and wastes time for commuters and businesses, the steep mountains make it hard for roads to be built. Tunnels are needed to connect the different areas of the city.

Question 19

Challenge of water pollution in Rio

Answer 19

Many of the 55 rivers flowing into the bay are polluted
Over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pour into the bay each day.
Over 50 tonnes of industrial waste enters the bay each day.

Question 20

Water pollution solutions

Answer 20

12 new sewage works

new sewage pipelines have been installed around badly polluted areas.

Question 21

Where is the waste in Rio’s worst

Answer 21

In the Favelas, Access is difficult for lorries and so waste collection becomes impossible.

Question 22

5 challenges of the squatter settlements in Rio

Answer 22

Construction, unemployment, crime, health, services.

Question 23

What is the challenge of construction

Answer 23

HOuses are poorly built, they are built on the steep slopes, with limited road access.

Question 24

What is the challenge with unemployment

Answer 24

Employment is poorly paid, and the average income may be less than $75 a month.

Question 25

Challenges of crime in Rio

Answer 25

Drug culture and gangs dominate favelas, a high murder rate.

Question 26

Health challenges in Rio

Answer 26

Infant mortality rates are high, waste cannot be disposed of, and disease can spread easily due to close proximity.

Question 27

Services challenges in Rio

Answer 27

Homes do not have running water, electricity and no sewage connections.

Question 28

How are favelas being improved

Answer 28

rasing taxes for richer people to pay for housing for the poor, rehousing, and moving people into new areas to prevent overcrowding.

Question 29

What has been done in the Favela bairro project

Answer 29

Paved and formally named roads, water supply improved, the building of new healthcare and leisure facilities, installation of a cable car.

Question 30

The effect of the Olympic games on favelas

Answer 30

Residents were kicked out, homes were demolished.