Tectonic Hazards

Question 1

What are the different types of natural hazards

Answer 1

Volcanic eruption, earthquakes, storms, tsunami, landslides and floods.

Question 2

Factors affecting risk from natural hazard

Answer 2

Urbanisation, poverty, climate change, farming.

Question 3

What is an earthquake

Answer 3

Sudden and violent period of ground shaking.

Question 4

What is oceanic crust

Answer 4

Dense, thin

Question 5

What is continental crust

Answer 5

Less dense, thick

Question 6

Where do volcanoes form

Answer 6

Long belts that follow the plate margins.

Question 7

What happens at a constructive margin

Answer 7

Two plates are moving apart. Magma forces its way to the surface. As it breaks through the overlying crust it causes earthquakes. On reaching the surface it forms volcanoes such as Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland.

Question 8

What happens at a destructive margin

Answer 8

Two plates are moving towards one another, the oceanic plate (dense) is subducted beneath the less dense continental plate. As the oceanic plate moves downwards it melts. This creates magma which is less fluid than at a constructive margin. It breaks through to the surface to form a volcano

Question 9

What happens at a conservative margin

Answer 9

Two plates move alongside each other. Friction between the plates then causes earthquakes.

Question 10

What did the earthquake hitting Nepal measure on the richer scale

Answer 10

7.9

Question 11

What margin caused the earthquake in Nepal

Answer 11

Destructive plate margin

Question 12

Measurement of the earthquake that hit Chile

Answer 12

8.8 on the Richter scale

Question 13

What margin caused the earthquake that hit Chile

Answer 13

Destructive plate margin

Question 14

Primary effects in Chile

Answer 14

500 killed, 220000 homes destroyed, airport damaged, cost 30 billion. DHC

Question 15

Secondary effects in Chile

Answer 15

1500km of roads damaged, tsunami waves destroying coastal towns, fire at a chemical plant.

Question 16

Primary effects in Nepal

Answer 16

9000 dead, 3 million left homeless, cost of damage 5 billion, Airport destroyed.

Question 17

Secondary effects in Nepal

Answer 17

Landslides, avalanches on mount Everest killed 19 people.

Question 18

Chile immediate responses

Answer 18

Power and water restored emergency shelters.

Question 19

Chile long-term responses

Answer 19

Launched a housing reconstruction plan, Chiles’s strong economy based on copper exports could be rebuilt without the need for much foreign aid.

Question 20

Nepal immediate responses

Answer 20

Search and rescue teams, Finacial aid, field hospitals set up.

Question 21

Nepal long-term responses

Answer 21

Roads repaired, stricter controls on building codes, tourism reopened, seek financial support from other countries.

Question 22

Why do people live in hazardous areas

Answer 22

Poverty, not aware of risks, volcanoes bring benefits such as fertile soils, better building design and protection, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions don’t happen very often.

Question 23

Tectonic activity benefits in Iceland

Answer 23

Hot water from the earth’s crust provides heat and hot water for nearly 90% of all buildings in Iceland. Volcanic rocks are used in construction, dramatic landscape is loved by tourists, Geothermal energy is used to generate 25% of the countries electricity.

Question 24

What is monitoring

Answer 24

Using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events such as a volcanic eruption.

Question 25

What is Prediction

Answer 25

Using historical evidence and monitoring, to make predictions when a hazard will take place.

Question 26

What is protection

Answer 26

designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards.

Question 27

What is planning

Answer 27

Identifying and avoiding places most at risk.