The Ulster Plantation

Question 1

How many people lived in ireland in the 16th century and where did they live

Answer 1

750,000 people and the lived in the countryside mostly and in a few small towns

Question 2

What was the pale

Answer 2

The only part of ireland where the kings officials had power

Question 3

Who ruled ireland in the early 16th century

Answer 3

The king of England was the lord of ireland

Question 4

Explain in detail what the pale was

Answer 4

The pale was a small area to the north and south of Dublin. Here people followed English law and customs and spoke the English language

Question 5

Who were the anglo-irish

Answer 5

Outside the Pale the anglo-irish lordships controlled large areas of land. These lords for the Descendants of anglo-norman who invaded Ireland in the 12th century. The followed English common law but sometimes they used gaelic brehon law.

Question 6

Who were the Gaelic irish lordships

Answer 6

The Gaelic Irish lordships were controlled by native Irish Lord’s. These followed the brehon law. they did not recognise the English king as the lord of Ireland instead each Kingdom had its own king or chief

Question 7

Differences between the Gaelic brehon law and the English common law

Answer 7

Brehon law
The chief was elected from the derbhfine (or royal family)
The land was owned by the clan (or tribe)

English common law
The eldest son became the new lord
The lord owned the land

Question 8

Who dominated ulster

Answer 8

Gaelic Society dominated Ulster Gaelic Chiefs and Clans were the main rules of Ulster. the most powerful of these were the o’Neill’s of Tyrone and the o’Donnells of donegal

Question 9

How was the lad divided in the Plantations

Answer 9

The land was divided into estates of 1000, 1500 and 2000 acres. It was given to three different groups under the articles of plantation 1610. Undertaker’s services and loyal Irish

Question 10

Who were undertakers

Answer 10

English and Scottish planters

Question 11

Who were servitors

Answer 11

English soldiers and officials who were owed money after the 9 year war and later

Question 12

Who were the loyal irish

Answer 12

Irish of good merit: Gaelic Irish who had not taken part in the Rebellion

Question 13

Conditions of Plantation for undertakers

Answer 13

Not allowed to have Gaelic tenants they also had the lowest rent

Question 14

Conditions of Plantation for servitors

Answer 14

They could take some Gaelic tenants they had the middle of the road rent

Question 15

Conditions of Plantation for the loyal irish

Answer 15

They could take Gaelic tenants they had the highest rent

Question 16

What was and happened in the 9 year war

Answer 16

It began in 1594 when the ulster chiefs rebelled against efforts by the English government to impose English law and Protestant religion on the province

Question 17

Who led the Ulster Chiefs

Answer 17

Hugh O’Neill Earl of Tyrone

Question 18

What battle did the ulster chiefs win

Answer 18

They won a number of battles including the battle of the yellow Ford. This encouraged other parts of the country including Munster to rise in Rebellion

Question 19

Reasons for the plantation

Answer 19

King James the first wanted the plantation for a number of reasons
He wanted to create a loyal and Protestant population.
He wanted to protect England.
He wanted to spread the protestant religion in Ireland because he thought Catholics would be disloyal to the crown.
He taught that the English culture was superior to Irish Gaelic culture.
He wanted to gain money for the Crown for rent and to pay soldiers and officials who fought in the 9 years war and organised the plantation.

Question 20

Battle of kinsale

Answer 20

Philip II of Spain sent ships with 4000 soldiers to help the Rebellion. These ships landed at Kinsale County Cork but was surrounded by an English fleet and English army.
When O’Neill and O’Donnell came to help they were defeated at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601.

Question 21

Flight of the earls

Answer 21

In 1607 O’Neill and the other ulster chiefs fled ireland to the continent. This event was later called the flight of the earls. The English government under King James the first declared the leaders traitors and confiscated their land. He now intended to introduce loyal planters to the area.

Question 22

What was the plan of plantation

Answer 22

Lands were confiscated six Counties Derry, Donegal, Cavan, Tyrone, Fermanagh and Armagh. A commission of enquiry, soldiers and a team of Surveyors travelled to the confiscated Counties and investigated the ownership of the Land.

Question 23

What did the commission of enquiry do

Answer 23

The land was divided into 2 parts - crown land (belonging to the King) and church land (belonging to the protestant clergy). All church land was given to the Church of Ireland and Trinity College ,Dublin. The crown land was used for plantation and for towns and schools.

Question 24

What defenses did each Plantation have to fulfill

Answer 24

1000 acre had to build a bawn
1500 acre and to build a bawn and a stone house
2000 acre and to build a bawn and defensive tower

Question 25

What big towns were built

Answer 25

Londonderry and coleraine in county Derry, letterkenny in donegal and dungannon and Strabane in county tyrone

Question 26

How successful was the ulster plantation

Answer 26

It was more successful than the Plantations of Laois-offaly or munster

Question 27

What did the Ulster Plantation do

Answer 27

It increased the influence of english law, the english language and english farming methods in ulster
It ensured a loyal population
It spread the protestant religion

Question 28

Where did the planters come from

Answer 28

They came from Scotland and England

Question 29

How many Scottish and english settlers were in ulster in 1641

Answer 29

40,000 Scottish and English settlers/planters

Question 30

How many Scottish and english settlers were in ulster between 1690-1698

Answer 30

80,000 Scottish and English migrants were now in ulster, some because of tradition and some because of famine

Question 31

How many planters were killed due to differences in religion to the native irish

Answer 31

Up to 12,000 out of 40,000 protestants in ulster were killed in 1641

Question 32

How many new towns were planned and built

Answer 32

20 new towns were planned and built

Question 33

What was different about the new towns

Answer 33

They were laid out with straight, wide streets and had a central square or diamond

Question 34

What was in the square/diamond of the towns

Answer 34

The courthouse, church and markets

Question 35

What surrounded the towns

Answer 35

A stone wall surrounded the new towns

Question 36

What new farming methods were introduced

Answer 36

The field system was introduced, this differed from the gaelic irish system which depended more on cattle and open grazing system.
Woods were cut down
Inns, roads and mills were built

Question 37

What happended to iriah traditions

Answer 37

The culture and language of the gaelic irish declined because gaelic chiefs lost their power. The english language became more widespread in the 17th century

Question 38

What happened to the gaelic irish

Answer 38

Ghey were given land by servitors an the loyal Irish. Many Gaelic irish still remained on the Plantation estates.
Others took to the mountains and the woods and became known as Tories or outcasts

Question 39

Dont try doing fermented apple custard

Answer 39

Donegal, tyrone, Derry, fermanagh, armagh, cavan