The Ulster Plantation Flashcards
Learn the facts
How many people lived in ireland in the 16th century and where did they live
750,000 people and the lived in the countryside mostly and in a few small towns
What was the pale
The only part of ireland where the kings officials had power
Who ruled ireland in the early 16th century
The king of England was the lord of ireland
Explain in detail what the pale was
The pale was a small area to the north and south of Dublin. Here people followed English law and customs and spoke the English language
Who were the anglo-irish
Outside the Pale the anglo-irish lordships controlled large areas of land. These lords for the Descendants of anglo-norman who invaded Ireland in the 12th century. The followed English common law but sometimes they used gaelic brehon law.
Who were the Gaelic irish lordships
The Gaelic Irish lordships were controlled by native Irish Lord’s. These followed the brehon law. they did not recognise the English king as the lord of Ireland instead each Kingdom had its own king or chief
Differences between the Gaelic brehon law and the English common law
Brehon law
The chief was elected from the derbhfine (or royal family)
The land was owned by the clan (or tribe)
English common law
The eldest son became the new lord
The lord owned the land
Who dominated ulster
Gaelic Society dominated Ulster Gaelic Chiefs and Clans were the main rules of Ulster. the most powerful of these were the o’Neill’s of Tyrone and the o’Donnells of donegal
How was the lad divided in the Plantations
The land was divided into estates of 1000, 1500 and 2000 acres. It was given to three different groups under the articles of plantation 1610. Undertaker’s services and loyal Irish
Who were undertakers
English and Scottish planters
Who were servitors
English soldiers and officials who were owed money after the 9 year war and later
Who were the loyal irish
Irish of good merit: Gaelic Irish who had not taken part in the Rebellion
Conditions of Plantation for undertakers
Not allowed to have Gaelic tenants they also had the lowest rent
Conditions of Plantation for servitors
They could take some Gaelic tenants they had the middle of the road rent
Conditions of Plantation for the loyal irish
They could take Gaelic tenants they had the highest rent
What was and happened in the 9 year war
It began in 1594 when the ulster chiefs rebelled against efforts by the English government to impose English law and Protestant religion on the province
Who led the Ulster Chiefs
Hugh O’Neill Earl of Tyrone
What battle did the ulster chiefs win
They won a number of battles including the battle of the yellow Ford. This encouraged other parts of the country including Munster to rise in Rebellion
Reasons for the plantation
King James the first wanted the plantation for a number of reasons
He wanted to create a loyal and Protestant population.
He wanted to protect England.
He wanted to spread the protestant religion in Ireland because he thought Catholics would be disloyal to the crown.
He taught that the English culture was superior to Irish Gaelic culture.
He wanted to gain money for the Crown for rent and to pay soldiers and officials who fought in the 9 years war and organised the plantation.
Battle of kinsale
Philip II of Spain sent ships with 4000 soldiers to help the Rebellion. These ships landed at Kinsale County Cork but was surrounded by an English fleet and English army.
When O’Neill and O’Donnell came to help they were defeated at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601.
Flight of the earls
In 1607 O’Neill and the other ulster chiefs fled ireland to the continent. This event was later called the flight of the earls. The English government under King James the first declared the leaders traitors and confiscated their land. He now intended to introduce loyal planters to the area.
What was the plan of plantation
Lands were confiscated six Counties Derry, Donegal, Cavan, Tyrone, Fermanagh and Armagh. A commission of enquiry, soldiers and a team of Surveyors travelled to the confiscated Counties and investigated the ownership of the Land.
What did the commission of enquiry do
The land was divided into 2 parts - crown land (belonging to the King) and church land (belonging to the protestant clergy). All church land was given to the Church of Ireland and Trinity College ,Dublin. The crown land was used for plantation and for towns and schools.
What defenses did each Plantation have to fulfill
1000 acre had to build a bawn
1500 acre and to build a bawn and a stone house
2000 acre and to build a bawn and defensive tower
What big towns were built
Londonderry and coleraine in county Derry, letterkenny in donegal and dungannon and Strabane in county tyrone
How successful was the ulster plantation
It was more successful than the Plantations of Laois-offaly or munster
What did the Ulster Plantation do
It increased the influence of english law, the english language and english farming methods in ulster
It ensured a loyal population
It spread the protestant religion
Where did the planters come from
They came from Scotland and England
How many Scottish and english settlers were in ulster in 1641
40,000 Scottish and English settlers/planters
How many Scottish and english settlers were in ulster between 1690-1698
80,000 Scottish and English migrants were now in ulster, some because of tradition and some because of famine
How many planters were killed due to differences in religion to the native irish
Up to 12,000 out of 40,000 protestants in ulster were killed in 1641
How many new towns were planned and built
20 new towns were planned and built
What was different about the new towns
They were laid out with straight, wide streets and had a central square or diamond
What was in the square/diamond of the towns
The courthouse, church and markets
What surrounded the towns
A stone wall surrounded the new towns
What new farming methods were introduced
The field system was introduced, this differed from the gaelic irish system which depended more on cattle and open grazing system.
Woods were cut down
Inns, roads and mills were built
What happended to iriah traditions
The culture and language of the gaelic irish declined because gaelic chiefs lost their power. The english language became more widespread in the 17th century
What happened to the gaelic irish
Ghey were given land by servitors an the loyal Irish. Many Gaelic irish still remained on the Plantation estates.
Others took to the mountains and the woods and became known as Tories or outcasts
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Donegal, tyrone, Derry, fermanagh, armagh, cavan
