Martin Luther And The Reformation

Question 1

What year, where and why did this take place

Answer 1

The Reformation began in Germany in the 16th century as protest against the abuses in the catholic church.
It began as an attempt to improve the catholic church

Question 2

What change did the Reformation bring

Answer 2

Less than 100 years after the Reformation, most of the people in northern Europe were protestants, who rejected the Pope and his teachings

Question 3

Who was Martin Luther

Answer 3

He was born in Eisleben in Germany in 1483. He became a monk then a priest. He became a professor of theology (study of god) at wittenberg university in saxony

Question 4

What did Martin Luther’s father want him to be and do

Answer 4

His father wanted him to study law and get a good education. Martin luther did study law but left it for theology

Question 5

What did luther believe

Answer 5

There was a holy man who worried about going to Heaven. He was worried that God will not forgive Sinners like himself. He found his answer in the Bible. Good deeds or works such as praying to the saints or gaining indulgences would not help.
Only faith in God would allow a person to go to heaven, this was called justification by Faith.

Question 6

What was the sale of indulgences

Answer 6

In 1517, a Dominican Friar, Johann tetzel came to Wittenberg to preach and sell indulgences. Tetzel said that anyone could buy an indulgence to get into heaven.

Question 7

Where did the money collected from the sale of indulgences go to

Answer 7

Have the money collected was to go for the building of st. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. The other half was to go to the Archbishop of means to pay back money he had borrowed to by bishoprics.

Question 8

What did luther do about the sale of indulgences

Answer 8

Luther objected to tetzels preaching, he wrote 95 theses(arguments) against the sale of indulgences. He wrote them in Latin, the language of scholars, because he wanted to discuss his views with others.

Question 9

Luther and the archbishop of mainz

Answer 9

Luther wrote to the Archbishop of Mainz complaining about the false impressions which the people had about indulgences. Included a copy of his 95 theses with his letter.

Question 10

Examples of the 95 theses

Answer 10

The Pope has no power to forgive penalties due to sin.
Indulgences do not save people from all punishment.
It is better to give to the poor than to buy pardon.

Some may go against the Pope saying why doesn’t the Pope whose Riches are enormous build the Basilica of St Peter with his own money instead of taking from the poor Believers.

Question 11

How did people know about the 95 theses

Answer 11

The 95 these were translated into german and were then printed, so that Luther’s views were spread all over germany very quickly

Question 12

How did Rome respond to luther

Answer 12

The pope took action against luther. Luther was ordered to meet cardinal Cajetan who tried to get him to change his ideas

Question 13

What did luther do in the public debate

Answer 13

Luther had a public debate with John eck, a theologian. In the debate, luther questioned the authority of the pope.

Question 14

What did the pope send to luther

Answer 14

The pope sent a special letter called a papal bull excommunicating luther (disallowing him from receiving the sacraments). Luther burned the papal bull in public

Question 15

What happended at the diet of worms

Answer 15

The Pope asked charles V (Roman emperor) to intervene because luther was becoming more popular. Charles called luther to the diet(parliament) of worms, near mainz in germany in 1521. Here luther appeared before the emperor and german princes.
Luther spoke before ethe diet and refused to withdraw his teachings

Question 16

Where was the diet of worms

Answer 16

It was near mainz in germany

Question 17

What happened at Warburg castle

Answer 17

After luther left the diet, the emperor issued the edict of worms.
On Luther’s way home, he was captured by the soldiers of frederick the wise, a supporter of luther.
He was taken to wattenburg castle where he spent years disguised as knight George.

Question 18

What did luther do at wittenberg castle

Answer 18

He translated the new testament into german. Later he translated the old testament into german. Now ordinary germans could read the bible themselves.

Question 19

German princes and the division and support

Answer 19

Divisions between Catholic and protestant princes grew in germany. Most of Luther’s support came from the princes in northern germany

Question 20

Charles V beliefs

Answer 20

The emperor Charles V rejected Lutheran beliefs

Question 21

Lutheranism spreads

Answer 21

Lutheran took over catholic churches and built some of their own

Question 22

When did luther die

Answer 22

Luther died in 1546 before war broke out between the 2 sides

Question 23

What was the peace of augsburg (1555)

Answer 23

A civil and religious war broke out in Germany in last 9 years. Even though the Catholic princess won some battles lutheranism was too strong and Germany to be defeated.
The Peace of Augsburg brought the war to an end. This treaty stated that each ruler was free to decide the religion of his or her state. Catholics living in Lutheran States had to leave as did lutherans in Catholic States.

Question 24

Other Reformers and luther inspiring them

Answer 24

Luther’s opposition to the Catholic church in Courage other reformers in Europe they challenged the Catholic church and, in some cases they set up their own churches.

Question 25

what did john Calvin do

Answer 25

Calvin began his reformation in Geneva, in Switzerland. He founded the calvinist or Presbyterian Church which spread to many countries.

Question 26

Who were john Calvin’s followers

Answer 26

Followers of Calvin included huguenots in France, puritans in England, and presbyterians in Scotland

Question 27

Who was Henry capital VIII and the Reformation in England

Answer 27

Henry began the Reformation in England. He made himself supreme head of the Church of England and he closed the monasteries. His daughter Elizabeth completed the English Reformation.

Question 28

The Catholic counter reformation. What was it

Answer 28

As protestantism spread the Catholic church was faced with a crisis. It had to control the spread of Protestant Faith’s or else he would continue to lose followers. Before me of the Catholic church was an important result of consequence of the Protestant reformation.

Question 29

What was the council of Trent

Answer 29

The pope, cardinals and bishops ruled on matters of faith and discipline.

Question 30

What was faith and discipline in the council of trent

Answer 30

Faith was what Catholics should believe and discipline was how the church should be organised

Question 31

What were the Jesuits

Answer 31

The Jesuits spread the Catholic faith through public preaching spiritual exercises deeds of charity and education.

Question 32

What happened at the council of Trent

Answer 32

Pope Paul III called the Cardinals and Bishops together in the council of Trent. As a result of the council of Trent the Catholic religion remain the most important religion in Europe. The authority and controls the Pope over the Catholic church was strengthened. They were greater divisions between Catholics and Protestants.

Question 33

The Pope sending orders to promote the Catholic religion

Answer 33

The Pope encouraged the Foundation of religious order to promote the Catholic religion. the most important of these was the Jesuits founded by ignatius of loyola.

Question 34

Who founded the Jesuits

Answer 34

The Jesuits were by ignatius of loyola

Question 35

What was the court of inquisition

Answer 35

The court of inquisition was a court of the Catholic Church which was mainly active in Spain in Italy. It tried people accused of Heresy.

Question 36

What is Heresy

Answer 36

Heresy is beliefs contrary to the Catholic Church

Question 37

What happened at the court of inquisition

Answer 37

The court of inquisition in Spain and Italy crushed protestantism in the countries.

Question 38

Christianity in the world today

Answer 38

Fifty percent of the world is Roman Catholic Church 37% is Protestant religions 12% as orthodox Christians and 1% other Christians