The Tudors and the Stuarts Flashcards
What did Henry VII did after becoming King?
Stenghtened the central administration of England and reduced the power of the Nobles. Built up the monarchy’s financial reserve.
What is Henry the VIII famous for?
Breaking away from the Church of Rome and marrying 6 times :
Catherine of Aragon - Divorced . One daughter - Mary
Anne Boelyn - Accused of taking lovers, unpopular executed. one daughter - Elizabeth
Jane Seymour - Married after the execution of Anne Boelyn, son Edward, died after birth
Anne of Cleves - German Princess - divorced soon after marrying for political reasons
Catherine Howard - cousin of Anne Boelyn, accused of taking lovers and executed
Catherine Parr - widow, married Henry late and survived. Remarried then died
Why did Henry the VIII create the Church of England?
Pope refused that he divorced his first wife. Henry created the Church of England, where the king has the power to appoint bishops and order how people worship.
What was the reformation?
Movement against the Pope and the ideas and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The protestants formed their own churches, and read the bible in their own language instead of Latin. Protestant ideas gained strength in England, Scotland and Wales during the 16th Century
What happened in Ireland during that time?
Attempts by the English to impose Protestanism, as well as the English system of laws about inheritance, led to rebellion from the Irish chieftains and brutal fighting followed.
Who succeeded to Henry VIII?
His son Edward VI, who was strongly protestant.
What did Edward VI do ?
He was the son of Henry the VIII. During his reign the book of common prayers was written to be used by the Curch of England.
Who succedeed to Edward VI?
Edward VI died at 15 and only reigh for 6 years. His half sister Mary succeeded. She was Catholic and prosecutted the Protestants.
Who is Elizabeth I?
Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boelyn, she was a protestant. Reestablished the Church of England as the official Church in England. Everyone was to attend their local church and they were laws about the type of services and prayers that could be said, but Elizabeth did not ask people about their true beliefs. She succeded in avoiding major religious conflict and was a popular Queen.
Who is Bloody Mary?
Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, devout Catholic, persecuted the protestants. She succeeded to Edward VI but died after a short reign. She is succeeded by her half Sister Elizabeth.
What happened in 1588?
The English, under the rule of Elizabeth I , defeated the Spanish Armada sent to restore Catholisism.
When was the Spanish Armada defeated?
1588;The English, under the rule of Elizabeth I , defeated the Spanish Armada sent to restore Catholisism.
What happened in 1560?
The Scottish parliament that was predominantly protestant abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland and Roman Catholic Serives became illegal. A protestant Church of England was established, but it is not a state church.
When did the Scottish parliament abolish the autority of the pope in Scotland?
1560 -The Scottish parliament that was predominantly protestant abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland and Roman Catholic Serives became illegal. A protestant Church of Scotland was established, but it is not a state church.
When was the Protestant Church of Scotland founded?
1560 -The Scottish parliament that was predominantly protestant abolished the authority of the Pope in Scotland and Roman Catholic Serives became illegal. A protestant Church of Scotland was established, but it is not a state church.
Who was Mary Queen of Scotts?
Mary Stuart - became queen when she was only one week old when her dad died. She was Catholic, raised in France. When she returned to Scotland she was at the center of a power struggle between different groups. She fled to England when her husband was murdered as she was suspected. Her son, James VI of Scotland, was a protestant and became King. She hoped Elizabeth I, her cousin might help her but Elizabeth did not trust her and kept her a prisoner for 20year before executing her.
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
One of the commanders in the defeat of the Spanish Armada, founder of Englands Naval traditions. His Ship, the Golden Hind was one of the first to sail around the world.
What is the Golden Hind?
Sir Francis Drake’s ship that was the first one to sail arount the world.
What is the Elizabeth period remembered for ?
First colonisation, mainly on the eastern coast of America, particularly by people who disagreed with the religious views of the next two kings.
Also richness of poetry and drama, especially Shakespeare.
Who was Shakespeare?
Born in Stratford upon Avon in England. Playwright and actor. Under Elizabeth I.
Who succeeded Elizabeth I ?
She never married so had no children. Her heir was James VI of Scotland, who became King James I of England, Wales and Ireland but Scotland remained a separate country.
When was King James I crowned king?
In 1603 when Elizabeth died. He is her heir and the King James VI of Scotland.
What happened in 1603?
Death of Queen Elizabeth I. James VI of Scotland becomes King James I of England Wales and Ireland.
What is the King James Bible?
During the reign of King James I, a new translation into English of the Bible. It is called the Authorised Version of the King James Version. Not the first English bible but still used in some protestant churches today.
What happened in Ireland during this time?
Ireland was almost completely Catholic. Henry VII and Henry VIII extentded English control outside the Pale and had established English authority over the whole country. Henry VIII proclaimed himself King of Ireland. English Law was introduced and local leaders were expected to follow the instructions of the Lord Lieutenants in Dublin.
What happened in Ireland during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I?
Many people in Ireland were opposing the rule of the Potestant government in England. The English government encouraged Scottish and English protestants to settle in Ulster, taking over land from Catholic landholders. These settlement were known as plantations.
Who were the new Settlers in Ulster ?
Many came from South West Scotland, and land was given to companies based in London. King James I also organised plantations in other parts of Ireland.
What is the rise of Parliament?
Elizabeth I was skilled at managing Parliament and she managed to balance her views against them of the House of common that was increasingly protestant.
James I and his son Charles I believed in the divine right of Kings. Charles I tried to rule without parliament when he couldn’t get them to agree on his religious or foreign policies. For 11 years he found ways to raise money without parliament, but had to recall Parliament due to issues in Scotland.
What caused the unrest in Scotland during Charles I ?
he wanted to impose his new Prayer Book on the Presbytarian Church which led to serious unrest. A Scottish army was formed and Charles needed to raise money to fund his own army.
What happened in 1640?
Charles I had to recall parliament to ask for funds for his army. Many in parliament were puritans and disagreed with his religious views and reforms so refused, even after the Scottish army had invaded England.
How did the civil War start?
The Roman Catholics in Ireland were afraid of the growing powers of the puritan in. Parliament took the opportunity to ask for the Control of the army. In response Charles I entered parliamen to try and arrest 5 parliamentaty leaders. Since then no Monarch entered parliament.
When did the Civil War start?
In 1642 between the Cavalier who supported the King and the Roundheads who supported parliament.
What happened in 1642?
Begining of the civil war between the Cavalier who supported the King and the Roundheads who supported parliament.
What is the Battle of Marston Moor and Naseby?
The battle when the king armys were defeated by the Roudheads.
When did Parliament win the Civil War?
1646
What happened to Charles I when he lost the war?
He was held prisoner by the parliamentary army. He was unwilling to reach any agreement and was executed in 1649
When was Charles I executed ?
1649
What happened in Ireland after parliament won the war?
Oliver Cromwell was sent to Ireland where there was still a royalist army and the revolt continued since 1641. He quashed it all with such violence that he remains a controversial figure in Ireland
What happened in Scotland after Charles I was executed?
The Scots named Charles II king of Scotland. Charles II led the Scottish army to invade England but was defeated by Cromwell at the battles of Dunbar and Worcester. He fled to Europe.
What happened after the battle of Dumber and Worcester?
Cromwell was named Lord protector and ruled then new republic until his death in 1658. After he died, his son Richard was named Lord Protector but was not able to control the army or the parliament. Although England had been a republic for 11 years, there was no clear leader and people were taking about the need for a king.
What happened in May 1660?
Parliament invited Charles II to come back from his exile in the Netherlands. He was crowned King of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Church of England was reestablished as the official church, and Roman Catholic and puritan were kept out of power.
What happened in 1665?
There was a major outbreak of plague in London that killed thousands of people, especially in the poorer areas. The following year, the great London fire destroyed much of the city, including St Paul’s Cathedral. It was rebuilt, with a new St Paul’s designed by the famous architect Sir Christophen Wren. Samuel Pepys wrote about these events in a diary.
When did the habeas corpus become law?
In 1679.
What is the Royal Society?
Formed during the reign of Charles II, it promoes natural knowledge. Oldest surviving scientific society in the world. Amomg its early members were Sir Edmund Halley and Isaac Newton.
Who suceeded to Charles II?
Charles II had no legitimate heir so his brother James II was crowned King . He was a Roman Catholic and allowed them to be army officers, which an act of Parliament had forbidden. He did not seek to reach agreement with parliament and arrested some bishops of the Church of England. His two daughters were protestant, but he had a son and people worried that they would have another Catholic king.
When did the Glorious Revolution occur?
Jame’s II daughter, Mary, had married William of Orange, her cousin, protestant and Ruler of the Netherlands. In 1668 important Protestants in England asked William to invade England and proclaim himself king. He met no resistance, James II fled to France, and William became William III in England, Wales and Ireland, and William II in Scotland. He ruled with Mary.
When was the Batlle of Boyne?
James II wanted to regain the throne and invaded Ireland with the help of the French army. William defeated him at the Batle of the Boyne in 1690. William reconquered Ireland and many restictions were placed on the Roman Catholic in Ireland. They were not allowed to take part in Government.
What was going on in Scotland after the Glorious revolution?
There was support for James, and an attempt of an armed rebellion was defeated in Killiecrankie. All Scottish clans were required to accept William as King of Scotland. When the MacDonalds of Glencoe were late in doing so they well all killed, which led many Scots to distruts the government.
James supporters became known as the Jacobites.
