Middle Ages Flashcards
How long did the Middle Ages last?
About 1000 years, from the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 to 1485. Almost contant war during the Norman Conquest.
What did the English kings do during the Middle Ages?
Fought with the Welsh and Scottish Noblesmen to control their Land.
What is the Statute of Rhuddlan?
Established in 1284 by King Edward I of England. Annexes Wales to the Crown of England. Huge Castles built in Wales to mainain power.
What happened in 1284?
Edward I of England estabishes the statute of Rhuddlan. Annexes Wales to the Crown of England. Huge Castles built in Wales to mainain power.
When was the battle of BannockBurn?
1314, led by Robert de Bruce, the Scottish defeated the English and Scotland remained unconquered by the English.
What happened in 1314?
Battle of BannockBurn. led by Robert de Bruce, the Scottish defeated the English and Scotland remained unconquered by the English.
Why did the British first go to Ireland?
At the beining of the middle Ages, Ireland was an independent Country. The English first went as troops to help the Irish king and remained to build their own Settlement.
What is the Pale?
By 1200, the Pale was an area around Dublin the was ruled by the English. Some of the important lords in part of Irelanc accepted the authority of the King.
When was the Battle of Argincourt?
1415 - King Henry V won against against France. The British left France in the 1450
What happened in 1415 ?
Battle of Argincourt. King Henry V won against against France. The British left France in the 1450
What system of land ownership was used by the Normans ?
Feudalism - king gave land to his lords in return for help in wars. Landowners had to send certain number of men to serve in the army. Some peasants had land but most were serfs. The same system was used in the south of scotland.
Who owned land in northern Scotland and Ireland?
Members of the clans, who were prominent famillies.
What happened in 1348 ?
The Black Death came to Britain. 1/3 of the population died.
When did the Black death happen?
1348 -1/3 of the population died.
What was the impact of the Black Death?
Smaller population so less need to grow crop. Labour shortage so peasant demanded higher wages. New social classes appeared including owners of large area of land (gentry) . People left countryside to leave in towns. Growning wealth in town led to the development of a strong middle class.
What happened in Ireland following the Black Death?
Many in the Pale died so the area controlled by the British became smaller.
What happened in 1215?
King John was forced by his noblemen to agree a number of demand. The Magna Carta was established. It protects the right of the nobility and retricts the kings power to collect taxes or change the law.
When was the Magna Carta Established ?
In 1215, King John was forced by his noblemen to agree a number of demand. The Magna Carta was established. It protects the right of the nobility and retricts the kings power to collect taxes or change the law.
What was the role of Parliament in England in the middle Ages?
Were called for the king to consult his nobles when the king needed to raise money.
How was parliament made in the middle Ages?
Numbers attending parliament increased and two separate parts were established. House of Lords with nomility, great landowners and Bishops. The house of common was comprised of knight, who were smaller landowners, and people from town and cities who were elected by a small part of the population.
What was parliament like in Scotland in the middle ages?
Three houses : lords, common and clergy.
How did the legal system develop ?
Judges became independent from the government. In England, common law was establish by a process of precedent. In Scotland, the system developped differently and laws were codified.
When did English become the official language?
By 1400 all official documents were written in English. Before then Noblemen spoke Norman French and the peasant continued to speak Anglo Saxon.
Who is Geoffrey Chaucer?
Writer of a series of poems in English about a goup of people going to Canterburry on a pilgrimmage called the Canterburry Tales. One of the first books to be printed by William Caxton.
When did Greofrey Chaucer wrote The Canterburry Tales?
In the years leading to 1400. It is one of the first book printed by William Caxton
Who is William Caxton?
One of the first person in England to print books using a printing press (circa 1400).
What language was spoken in Scotland during the middle Ages?
Many people continued to speak Gaelic and the Scots language developed.
Who is John Barbour?
Scottish poets who wrote The Bruce in the Scots language, about the battle of BannockBurn in 1314 where Robert the Bruce defeated the English
Who wrote The Bruce?
John Barbour, in the Scots language. About the battle of BannockBurn in 1314 where Robert the Bruce defeated the English
What type of trade was important during the Middle Ages?
England was an important trading nation. English wool became and important export. People came to England to work : Weavers from France, Engineers from Germany, Glass manufacturers from Italy and canal builders from Holland.
When was the war of the roses?
In 1455 - civil war betweem the supporters of the house of lancaster (red) and the house of York (white) to decide who would be king
What happened in 1455?
War of the roses - civil war betweem the supporters of the house of lancaster (red) and the house of York (white) to decide who would be king
When did the Wars of the Roses end?
In 1485 with the battle of Bosworth Field. King Richard III of the house of York was killed in the battle. Henry Tudor, leader of the house of Lancaster, became King Henry VII and married King Richard’s niece, Elizabeth of York.
What happened in 1485?
End of the Wars of the Roses - the battle of Bosworth Field. King Richard III of the house of York was killed in the battle. Henry Tudor, leader of the house of Lancaster, became King Henry VII and married King Richard’s niece, Elizabeth of York.
When was The Battle of Bosworth Field?
1485 - King Richard III of the house of York was killed in the battle. Henry Tudor, leader of the house of Lancaster, became King Henry VII and married King Richard’s niece, Elizabeth of York.
