The tissue level of organization-muscle tissue

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Answer 1

1. Skeletal muscle
   – Large muscles responsible for body movement
2. Cardiac muscle
   – Found only in the heart
3. Smooth muscle
   – Found in walls of hollow, contracting organs

Question 2

Describe the skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 2

– Consists of long, thin cells called muscle fibers
– Cells do not divide
– New fibers are produced by divisions of myosatellite cells
– Striated voluntary muscle

Question 3

Describe the cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 3

– Cells form branching networks connected at
intercalated discs
– Regulated by pacemaker cells
– Striated involuntary muscle

Question 4

Describe the smooth muscle tissue

Answer 4

– Cells are small and spindle shaped
* Can divide and regenerate
– Nonstriated involuntary muscle

Question 5

Describe the nervous tissue

Answer 5

– Specialized for conducting electrical impulses
– Concentrated in the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What are the types of nervous tissue

Answer 6

1. Neurons
2. Neuroglia (supporting cells)

Question 7

What are the parts of a neuron?

Answer 7

Cell body
* Contains the nucleus and nucleolus
– Dendrites
* Short branches extending from the cell body
* Receive incoming signals
– Axon (nerve fiber)
* Long, thin extension of the cell body
* Carries outgoing electrical signals to their
destination

Question 8

How do tissues respond to injury in two stages

Answer 8

1. Inflammation (inflammatory response)
2. Regeneration to restore normal function

Question 9

Explain the inflammatory response

Answer 9

Damaged cells release prostaglandins, proteins, and potassium ions
– Damaged connective tissue activates mast cells
▪ Process of inflammation
– Lysosomes release enzymes that destroy the injured
cells and attack surrounding tissues
– Tissue destruction is called necrosis
* Begins several hours after injury
▪ Necrotic tissues and cellular debris (pus) accumulate in
the wound
– Abscess—pus trapped in an enclosed area

Question 10

Describe the ability to regenerate among tissues

Answer 10

– Epithelia, connective tissues (except cartilage), and smooth muscle regenerate well
– Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and nervous tissues regenerate poorly, if at all
– Damaged cardiac muscle cells are replaced by fibrous tissue through fibrosis

Question 11

What’s The effect of aging?

Answer 11

– Chemical and structural tissue changes
* Thinner epithelia
* Fragile connective tissues
* Increased bruising
* Brittle bones
* Cardiovascular disease
* Mental deterioration