Intro to anatomy and physiology Flashcards
What are the chemical levels of organization?
– Atoms are the smallest stable units of matter
– Molecules consist of groups of atoms
What is the cellular level of organization?
– A tissue is a group of cells working together
What is the organ level of organization
Organs are made of two or more tissues working together
What is organ system
An organ system is a group of interacting organs
List the organ systems?
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive system
List the major organs in the integumentary system and functions
Major organs
* Skin
* Hair
* Sweat glands
* Nails
– Functions
* Protects against environmental hazards
* Helps regulate body temperature
* Provides sensory information
List the organs in the skeletal system and function
– Major organs
* Bones
* Cartilages
* Associated ligaments
* Bone marrow
– Functions
* Provides support and protection for other tissues
* Stores calcium and other minerals
* Forms blood cells
List the organs in the muscular system and functions
– Major organs
* Skeletal muscles and associated tendons
– Functions
* Provides movement
* Provides protection and support for other tissues
* Generates heat that maintains body temperature
List the organs in the nervous system and functions
– Major organs
* Brain and spinal cord
* Peripheral nerves
* Sense organs
– Functions
* Directs immediate responses to stimuli
* Coordinates or moderates other organ systems
* Provides and interprets sensory information
List the organs in the endocrine system and function
– Major organs
* Pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands
* Pancreas and gonads
* Endocrine tissues in other systems
– Functions
* Directs long-term changes in other organ systems
* Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use
* Controls many structural and functional changes during development
List the organs in the cardiovascular system and function
– Major organs
* Heart
* Blood
* Blood vessels
– Functions
* Distributes blood cells, water, nutrients, waste
products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
* Distributes heat to control body temperature
List the organs in the lymphatic system and functions
Lymphatic
– Major organs
* Spleen
* Thymus
* Lymphatic vessels
* Lymph nodes
* Tonsils
– Functions
* Defends against infection and disease
* Returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream
List the organs of the respiratory system and function.
Respiratory
– Major organs
* Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
– Functions
* Delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas
exchange occurs)
* Provides oxygen to the bloodstream
* Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
* Produces sounds for communication
List the organs in the digestive system and functions?
Major organs
* Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
– Functions
* Processes and digests food
* Absorbs and conserves water
* Absorbs nutrients
* Stores energy reserves
List the organs in the urinary system and functions.
Major organs
* Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
– Functions
* Excretes waste products from the blood
* Controls water balance by regulating volume of
urine produced
* Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
* Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
List the organs of the male reproductive system and functions
– Major organs
* Testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
– Functions
* Produces male sex cells (sperm), seminal fluids,
and hormones
* Sexual intercourse
List the organs of the female reproductive system and functions
– Major organs
* Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris,
mammary glands
– Functions
* Produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
* Supports developing embryos from conception to delivery
* Provides milk to nourish newborn infant
* Sexual intercourse
Define surface anatomy
Locating structures on or near the body surface
What are the anatomical landmarks and describe
– Anatomical position: hands at sides, palms forward
– Supine: lying down, face up
– Prone: lying down, face down 30
Identify the parts of the anterior view
Identify the parts of the posterior view
What are the anatomical regions
– Abdominopelvic quadrants
– Abdominopelvic regions
Identify the parts of the abdominopelvic Quadrants
Identify the parts of the abdominopelvic regions
