axial skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones are in the axial skeleton

A

80

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2
Q

How many bones are in the skull

A

6 cranial bones
14 facial bones

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3
Q

How many bones are in the bones associated with the skull

A

6 auditory ossicles and hyoid bone

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4
Q

how many bones are in the thoracic cage

A

24 ribs and the sternum

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5
Q

How many bones are in the vertebral column

A

24 vertebrae ,sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

What is the function of axial skeleton

A

Provides support and protection of organs
Provide points of attachment for muscles that assist is breathing, stabilizing the appendicular skeleton and adjust positions

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7
Q

What are sutures

A

immovable joints of the skull

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8
Q

What are the four major sutures

A

-lambdoid suture - separates occipital from parietal bones
-coronal suture- attaches frontal bone to parietal bone
sagittal suture- between parietal bones
squamous suture- join temporal bones with parietal bones

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9
Q

What are sinuses

A

these are air filled chambers in the skull

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10
Q

What are the function of sinuses

A

decreases the weight of the skull
Produces mucus to moisten and clean the air
Assist in speech production

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11
Q

What are the cranial bones

A

occipital bones
parietal bones
frontal bone
temporal bone
sphenoid
ethmoid

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12
Q

What are the joints of the occipital bone?

A

-parietal bone
-temporal bone
sphenoid
-first cervical vertebra(atlas)

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13
Q

What are the regions of the occipital bone?

A

-external occipital protuberance- small bump at the midline on the inferior surface
-external occipital crest- for attachment of the ligamentum nucha.
-occipital condyles- associated with the first cervical vertebra.

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14
Q

What are the foramina of the occipital bone?

A

foramen magnum- connects cranial cavity with vertebral canal

jugular foramen- for internal jugular vein

Hypoglossal canals- for hypoglossal nerves

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15
Q

What are the joints of the parietal bones

A

with each other
frontal
temporal
occipital
sphenoid bone

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16
Q

What are the regions and marking of the parietal bones

A
  • Superior and inferior temporal lines attach to the temporalis muscle
  • grooves for the cranial blood vessels
17
Q

What are the joints of the frontal bone

A

parietal
sphenoid
nasal
lacrimal
maxillary
zygomatic bones

18
Q

What are the foramina of the frontal bone

A

supra orbital foramen
-form blodd vessels of everybrows,eyelids and frontal sinuses

supra -orbital notch
incomplete supra orbital foramen

19
Q

What is the function of the temporal bone

A

articulate with mandible
surround and protect internal ear
attach muscles of jaws and head

20
Q

What are the joints of the temporal bones

A

zygomatic
sphenoid
parietal
occipital
mandible

21
Q

what is the function of the sphenoid

A

unites cranial and facial bones
strengthen sides of the skull

22
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid

A

contains ethmoid cells which is a network of sinuses
roof of the nasal cavity

23
Q

what are the facial bones

A

maxillae
palatine bones
nasal bone
vomer
interior nasal conchae
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
mandible
hyoid bone

24
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone

A

supports the larynx
attaches muscles of larynx pharynx and tongue

25
What are the vertebral regions
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar sacral coccygeal
26
Which spinal curves develop first
primary and these are sacral and thoracic curve
27
which spinal curve develop after birth
the secondary and these are cervical and lumbar curve
28
What are the three parts of the vertebra
vertebral body vertebral arch articular processes
29
What is the function of the vertebral body
transfers weight along the spine
30
What are the gaps between the vertebra
intervertebral discs which are pads of fibrocartilage
31
What helps with the nerve connections on the spinal cord
interverbal foramina
32
What encloses the spinal cord
vertebral canal
33
34
What is the atlas
the cervical 1 vertebra
35
What is the axis
the cervical vertebra 2
36
What is the veterbra prominens
is the cervical 7 and it transitions to the thoracic vertebrae
37
The sacrum is more curved in males or females
males
38
What is the function of the sacrum
protects reproductive, urinary and digestive organs
39