axial skeleton Flashcards
how many bones are in the axial skeleton
80
How many bones are in the skull
6 cranial bones
14 facial bones
How many bones are in the bones associated with the skull
6 auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
how many bones are in the thoracic cage
24 ribs and the sternum
How many bones are in the vertebral column
24 vertebrae ,sacrum and coccyx
What is the function of axial skeleton
Provides support and protection of organs
Provide points of attachment for muscles that assist is breathing, stabilizing the appendicular skeleton and adjust positions
What are sutures
immovable joints of the skull
What are the four major sutures
-lambdoid suture - separates occipital from parietal bones
-coronal suture- attaches frontal bone to parietal bone
sagittal suture- between parietal bones
squamous suture- join temporal bones with parietal bones
What are sinuses
these are air filled chambers in the skull
What are the function of sinuses
decreases the weight of the skull
Produces mucus to moisten and clean the air
Assist in speech production
What are the cranial bones
occipital bones
parietal bones
frontal bone
temporal bone
sphenoid
ethmoid
What are the joints of the occipital bone?
-parietal bone
-temporal bone
sphenoid
-first cervical vertebra(atlas)
What are the regions of the occipital bone?
-external occipital protuberance- small bump at the midline on the inferior surface
-external occipital crest- for attachment of the ligamentum nucha.
-occipital condyles- associated with the first cervical vertebra.
What are the foramina of the occipital bone?
foramen magnum- connects cranial cavity with vertebral canal
jugular foramen- for internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal canals- for hypoglossal nerves
What are the joints of the parietal bones
with each other
frontal
temporal
occipital
sphenoid bone
What are the regions and marking of the parietal bones
- Superior and inferior temporal lines attach to the temporalis muscle
- grooves for the cranial blood vessels
What are the joints of the frontal bone
parietal
sphenoid
nasal
lacrimal
maxillary
zygomatic bones
What are the foramina of the frontal bone
supra orbital foramen
-form blodd vessels of everybrows,eyelids and frontal sinuses
supra -orbital notch
incomplete supra orbital foramen
What is the function of the temporal bone
articulate with mandible
surround and protect internal ear
attach muscles of jaws and head
What are the joints of the temporal bones
zygomatic
sphenoid
parietal
occipital
mandible
what is the function of the sphenoid
unites cranial and facial bones
strengthen sides of the skull
What is the function of the ethmoid
contains ethmoid cells which is a network of sinuses
roof of the nasal cavity
what are the facial bones
maxillae
palatine bones
nasal bone
vomer
interior nasal conchae
zygomatic bones
lacrimal bones
mandible
hyoid bone
What is the function of the hyoid bone
supports the larynx
attaches muscles of larynx pharynx and tongue
What are the vertebral regions
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacral
coccygeal
Which spinal curves develop first
primary and these are sacral and thoracic curve
which spinal curve develop after birth
the secondary and these are cervical and lumbar curve
What are the three parts of the vertebra
vertebral body
vertebral arch
articular processes
What is the function of the vertebral body
transfers weight along the spine
What are the gaps between the vertebra
intervertebral discs which are pads of fibrocartilage
What helps with the nerve connections on the spinal cord
interverbal foramina
What encloses the spinal cord
vertebral canal
What is the atlas
the cervical 1 vertebra
What is the axis
the cervical vertebra 2
What is the veterbra prominens
is the cervical 7 and it transitions to the thoracic vertebrae
The sacrum is more curved in males or females
males
What is the function of the sacrum
protects reproductive, urinary and digestive organs
