Chapter 12.3 neuroglia

Question 1

What is the function of the neuroglia

Answer 1

support and protect neurons

Question 2

What are the types of neuroglia in the CNS

Answer 2

– Astrocytes
– Ependymal cells
– Oligodendrocytes
– Microglia

Question 3

What is the function of astrocytes

Answer 3

• Maintain blood-brain barrier (BBB)
• Create a three-dimensional framework for CNS
• Repair damaged nervous tissue
• Guide neuron development
• Control interstitial environment

Question 4

What is the function of the ependymal cells

Answer 4

– Form epithelium that lines central canal of spinal cord
and ventricles of brain
– Produce and monitor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
– Have cilia that help circulate CSF

Question 5

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes

Answer 5

Many cooperate to form a myelin sheath
* Myelin insulates myelinated axons
* Increases speed of action potentials
* Makes nerves appear white

Question 6

What is the function of the microglia

Answer 6

– Migrate through nervous tissue
– Clean up cellular debris, wastes, and pathogens

Question 7

What are the neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 7

These cells are satellite cells and Schwann cells that insulate neuronal cell bodies and most axons

Question 8

What is the function of satellite cells

Answer 8

surround ganglia and regulate interstitial fluid around neurons

Question 9

Describe Schwann cells

Answer 9

• Form myelin sheath or indented folds of plasma membrane around axons

Question 10

Explain Wallerian degeneration

Answer 10

1) the fragmentation of axon and myelin occurs in the distal stump.
2) Schwann cells form cord, grow into cut and unite stumps. Macrophages engulf degenerating axon and myelin
3) Axon sends bunds into network of schwann cells and then starts growing along cord of schwann cells
4) Axon continues to grow into distal stump and is enclosed by schwann cells