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KSUCPM HUMAN ANATOMY > THE THORAX > Flashcards

THE THORAX Flashcards

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1
Q

this is the serosa that keeps the lungs stuck to the wall of the thoracic cage so that the lungs will expand also?

A

pleura

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2
Q

layer against the chest wall

A

parietal pleura

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3
Q

the layer against the lungs

A

visceral pleura

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4
Q

between the two pleura of the lungs, is a potential space lined with a thin layer of fluid?

A

inter pleural space

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5
Q

double layer of serosa that connects the mediastinum to a pleural cavity. It is similar in function and structure to the many ligaments we say in the abdomen

A

pulmonary ligament

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6
Q

when the potential space between the pleural layers is filled with air

A

collapsed lung

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7
Q

air in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

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8
Q

inflammation of the pleura that can also result in a collapsed lung

A

pleurisy

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9
Q

potential space in which fluid can pool in the bottom of the thoracic chamber.

A

diaphragmatic recess

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10
Q

parietal pleura against the ribs?

A

costal pleura

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11
Q

parietal pleura against the surface of diaphragm

A

diaphragmatic pleura

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12
Q

parietal pleura against the medial part of the parietal pleural that is adjacent to the mass of tissue and organs that separate the pleural sacs, known as the mediastinum

A

mediastinal pleura

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13
Q

parietal pleura against the apex of lung

A

cupula pleura

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14
Q

these structures are between the mediastinal pleura and mediastinum?

A

pericardiacophrenic artery, vein and phrenic nerve

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15
Q

innervation of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3,C4,C5

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16
Q

what is the respiratory system divided into?

A

conducting airway and respiratory airway

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17
Q

what comprises the conducting airway?

A 
nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
primary bronchi
-secondary bronchi
--tertiary bronchi
---bronchioles
----primary bronchioles
----terminal bronchioles
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18
Q

what is the link between the conducting airway and the respiratory airway?

A

terminal bronchioles

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19
Q

what comprises the respiratory airway?

A

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveoli

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20
Q

these carry dexoygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

these carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

pulmonary arteries

pulmonary veins

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21
Q

what are the bones that comprise the sternum?

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid

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22
Q

what structures lie deep to the sternal angle?

what rib lies here? at the level of what vertebrae

A

aorta branches
SVC
trachea bifurcation

2nd rib, level of T4-T5

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23
Q

if broken, than you have a functionally disarticulated upper extremity?

A

clavicle

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24
Q

for ribs, the anterior cartilaginous termination is made of what type of cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage-costal cartilage

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25
Q

this part of the rib uses its demifacets to articulate with the bodies of the two thoracic vertebrae?

A

head

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26
Q

this part of the rib is between the head and tubercle?

A

neck

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27
Q

this part of the rib has an articular surface which articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

tubercle

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28
Q

part of the body of the rib is where the rib turns anterolaterally

A

costal angle

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29
Q

part of the body of the rib that protects the intercostal nerve and vessels? what are these vessels?

A

intercostal vein, artery, nerve

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30
Q

intercostal vein drains where?

A

azygous vein

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31
Q

intercostal artery supplies?

A

thoracic aorta

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32
Q

what is the intercostal nerve a branch off of?

A

thoracic spinal cord

33
Q

glands of the mammary glands?

A

apocrine sweat glands

sebaceous glands found in the skin of the areola that produce sebum protecting the nipple

34
Q

part of female breast?

pigmented skin surround the nipple

35
Q

part of female breast?

exit of the lactiferous ducts

A

mammary glands

36
Q

part of female breast?

modified sweat gland within the superficial fascia?

A

mammary glands

37
Q

part of female breast?

transport milk from the glands to the nipple

A

lactiferous ducts

38
Q

part of female breast?

give support to the breast by anchoring it to the fascia that overlies the pectoral muscles

A

suspensory ligaments

39
Q

part of female breast?

bordered by the clavicle, pectoralis major, deltoid

what structure runs here

A

deltopectoral triangle

cephalic vein

40
Q

pulls ribs up and out in inspiration?

A

external intercostal muscles

41
Q

pulls ribs upward and inward to compress the thoracic cavity assisting in expiration?

A

internal intercostal muscles

42
Q

what comprises the innermost intercostal muscles?

A 
internal thoracis (transversus thoracis)
subcostal muscles
43
Q

the diaphragm has openings in it for a few structures to pass?

directly anterior to the vertebral column

anterior to the aorta, carries the vagus nerve with it

anterior and to the right of the esophagus

A

aorta
esophagus
inferior vena cava

44
Q

what imaginary line divides the mediastinum?

A

from the sternal angle to the body of T4

45
Q

what are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A 
trachea
aortic arch and branches
superior vena cava
brachiocephalic vein
thymus
46
Q

what is the inferior mediastinum divided into? name the contents?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

anterior:
internal thoracic arteries
internal thoracic veins

middle:
heart
aorta
superior vena cava
pulmonary trunk
posterior:
thoracic aorta
azygous system of veins
trachea
esophagus
sympathetic trunk 
splanchnic nerves
47
Q

potential space between fascia that surround the deep muscles of the vertebral column. Infection can occur here like in the oral cavity or pharynx and can spread all the way down to the posterior mediastinum

A

retropharyngeal space (danger space)

48
Q

this is the double walled sac that holds the heart?

open or closed system?

A

pericardial sac

closed

49
Q

outer fibrous connective tissue layer?

A

fibrous pericardium

50
Q

the inner serous layer of the pericardial sac?

what are the layers this?

this refers to the visceral layer of the serous pericardium which lies directly on the surface of the heart?

A

serous pericardium

visceral and parietal layers

epicardium

51
Q

posterior to the arch of the aorta and pulmonary trunk and anterior to the back wall of the pericardial sac. This potential space has some clinical significance in heart surgeries?

A

transverse sinus

52
Q

bordered by the visceral serous pericardium anteriorly, the parietal serous pericardium posteriorly, and the right and left pulmonary veins on the sides and a pericardial connection superiorly

A

oblique sinus

53
Q

a specialized trabecular that connects the central wall of the heart to the outer wall of the right ventricle, not present in the left ventricle?

A

septomarginal trabeculae or moderator band

54
Q

what is the intrinsic system of the heart made of?

A 
SA
Bachman fibers
Internodal fibers
AV node
AV Bundle of His
Left and Right Ventricular Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
55
Q

what is the role of the extrinsic innervation of the heart? components?

A

slows the heart down

parasympathetic (vagus) and sympathetic (presynaptic fibers from T-1 to T-5) chronotropic, dromotropic, ionotropic

56
Q

Great Cardiac Vein runs with?

A

Anterior inter ventricular artery

57
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein runs with?

A

posterior inter ventricular artery

58
Q

Small Cardiac Vein runs with?

A

marginal artery

59
Q

umbilical vein becomes?

A

ligamentum teres

60
Q

ductus venosus becomes?

A

ligamentum venosum

61
Q

foramen ovale becomes?

A

fossa ovalis

62
Q

ductus arteriosus becomes?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

63
Q

umbilical arteries becomes?

A

medial umbilical ligaments or folds

64
Q

brings blood in form the placenta towards the liver?

A

umbilical vein

65
Q

allows blood that has just come into the fetus to bypass the liver?

A

ductus venosus

66
Q

a valve that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

foramen ovale

67
Q

shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch in order to bypass the lungs?

A

ductus arteriosus

68
Q

returns blood to the placenta from the internal iliac arteries

A

umbilical arteries

69
Q

what does the thoracic aorta give rise too?

A

intercostal arteries and superior phrenic arteries

70
Q

this is the return system for all the lymph except the right upper quadrant of the body.

A

thoracic duct

71
Q

thoracic duct receives lymph here and drains into the junction of?

A

cisterna chyle

left internal jugular
left subclavian

72
Q

what comprises the azygous venous system?

A

azygous vein proper
hemiazygous vein
accessory hemiazygous vein (T3-T4 up to T1)

73
Q

chains of ganglia that are seen in the abdomen that run on either side of the vertebral column?

A

thoracic sympathetic trunks

74
Q

pathways the presynaptic sympathetic fibers take in getting from the ventral rami to the sympathetic trunks?

A

white rami communicates

75
Q

post synaptic sympathetic fibers get back on to ventral rami of spinal nerves here?

A

gray rami communicantes

76
Q

these supply the sympathetic innervation to the viscera?

A

splanchnic nerves

77
Q

level of greater splanchnic nerves?

A

T-5 to T-9

78
Q

level of lesser splanchnic nerves?

A

T10 to T11

79
Q

level of least splanchnic nerves?

KSUCPM HUMAN ANATOMY (29 decks)

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