ABDOMINAL

Question 1

regions of the abdomen?

Answer 1

epigastric
left/right hypochondriac 
umbilical
left/right lumbar
hypogastric
left/right inguinal

Question 2

quadrants of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 2

left/right upper

left/right lower

Question 3

right upper quadrant?

Answer 3

liver-right lobe, gallbladder, stomach-pylorus, first three parts of the duodenum, head of pancreas, right suprarenal gland, right kidney, right colic flexure, ascending colon-superior part, transverse colon right half

Question 4

left upper quadrant?

Answer 4

left lobe of liver, spleen, stomach

Question 5

right lower quadrant?

Answer 5

cecum, vermiform appendix, most of ileum

Question 6

left lower quadrant?

Answer 6

sigmoid colon, descending colon

Question 7

what comprises the abdominal wall?

Answer 7

skin
subcutaneous fascia, campers and scarpa
muscles
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum
internal organs

Question 8

this fatty layer of the abdominal wall is next to skin, used for energy storage and as a lubricant?

Answer 8

camper’s fascia

Question 9

this fatty layer of the abdomen is not fatty, a membranous layer

Answer 9

scarpa’s fascia

Question 10

this is the inferior limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath, the point at which the posterior IO and TA become part of the ANTERIOR rectus sheath, leaving the posterior rectus sheath uncovered except for the transversalis fascia

Answer 10

arcuate line

Question 11

superior to the arcuate line

how does the aponeurosis of the EO, IO and TA pass over the rectus abdominus?

Answer 11

anterior to the RA

splits to go on either side of the RA

passes posterior to RA

Question 12

posterior to the arcuate line

how does the aponeurosis of the EO, IO and TA pass over the rectus abdominus?

Answer 12

the aponeurosis of IO does not split

the aponeurosis of all three flat muscles pass anterior to RA

Question 13

deep fasciae covers what?

Answer 13

all three flat muscles

Question 14

this fascia of the abdominal wall runs deep to the TA?

Answer 14

transversalis fascia

Question 15

this fascia of the abdominal wall is the fatty layer, deep to the TA?

Answer 15

extraperitoneal fascia

Question 16

what are the five surface markings of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 16

2 x lateral umbilical fold
2 x medial umbilical fold
1 x median umbilical fold

Question 17

this surface marking of the anterior abdominal wall is a fold in the peritoneum where the inferior epigastric ran?

Answer 17

lateral umbilical fold

Question 18

this surface marking of the anterior abdominal wall covers the medial umbilical ligaments, remnant of the umbilical arteries

Answer 18

medial umbilical fold

Question 19

this surface marking of the anterior abdominal wall covers the medial umbilical ligament, a remnant of the urachus, joined by the fetal bladder to the umbilicus

Answer 19

median umbilical fold

Question 20

what is the ligaments teres the remnant of?

Answer 20

remnant of the umbilical vein

Question 21

main constituent of the inguinal canal?

Answer 21

spermatic cord in males, round ligament in females,

Question 22

what comprises the spermatic cord?

Answer 22

internal spermatic fascia

cremaster fascia and muscle from internal oblique muscle that draws testes superiorly

external spermatic fascia from external oblique aponeurosis

Question 23

in the female, also part of the inguinal canal, this connects the uterus with the labia majora?

Answer 23

round ligament

Question 24

what is the entrance into the inguinal canal?

Answer 24

deep (internal) inguinal ring formed from transversalis fascia

Question 25

this is the exit of the inguinal canal? what are the medial and lateral margins of the ring called?

Answer 25

superficial (external) ring lateral and medial crura

Question 26

this forms the floor of the inguinal canal? it goes from the ASIS to pubic tubercle and runs inferior to the canal

Answer 26

inguinal ligament

Question 27

what is the inguinal canal derived from?

Answer 27

the external oblique muscle

Question 28

the most inferior medial tendinous fiber of the internal oblique joining with aponeurotic fibers of the TA. Attaches to the pubic crest and pecten pubis?

Answer 28

conjoint tendon or inguinal canal

Question 29

what comprises the hesselbach triangle? significance?

Answer 29

inferior epigastric artery superolaterally rectus abdominis medially inguinal ligament inferiorly direct inguinal hernias

Question 30

this is a protrusion of a portion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening?

Answer 30

inguinal hernias

Question 31

what type of hernia? medial to the inferior epigastric artery protrudes through the inguinal triangle seen in adult males

Answer 31

direct inguinal hernia

Question 32

what type of hernia? lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels enters the scrotum seen in young males *most dangerous

Answer 32

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 33

this is the chief muscle of inspiration? innervation

Answer 33

diaphragm | C:3,4,5

Question 34

this is the largest cavity of the body? how many parts? what is it separated by? what are they

Answer 34

abdominopelvic cavity 2 pelvic brim abdominal cavity (diaphragm to pelvic brim) pelvic cavity (pelvic brim to pelvic floor)

Question 35

this peritoneum covers the organ? this one lines the body cavity?

Answer 35

visceral peritoneum parietal peritoneum

Question 36

a specific peritoneal reflection that supports gut and holds it to the posterior body wall?

Answer 36

mesentery

Question 37

mesentery of the large intestine?

Answer 37

mesocolon

Question 38

mesentery of the ilium and jejunum?

Answer 38

mesentery proper

Question 39

the peritoneum makes up what two sacs? this sac lines the abdominal cavity this is a sac within a sac formed by the folding over the peritoneum to form the greater omentum

Answer 39

peritoneal cavity proper, greater sac omental bursa, lesser sac peritoneal cavity proper, greater sac omental bursa, lesser sac

Question 40

this is a double layer of peritoneum that hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach like an apron with the purpose to insulate to maintain core body temperature

Answer 40

greater omentum

Question 41

this interconnects the greater and lesser sacs, lies posterior to the lesser omentum and is significant in spread of infection?

Answer 41

epiploic foramen of Winslow

Question 42

location of these organs ``` kidneys suprarenal glands urinary bladder ascending and descending colon rectum 2,3,4 part of duodenum head of pancreas uterus ureters aorta IVC ```

Answer 42

retroperitoneal

Question 43

pathologic condition of serous fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity, fluid build up can impair the function of organs it presses on? from inflammation from blood backing up due to heart failure

Answer 43

ascites

Question 44

what is this potential space? between liver and right kidney

Answer 44

pouch of douglas

Question 45

what is this potential space? between pubic crest and urinary bladder in both sexes

Answer 45

retropubic space

Question 46

what is this potential space? between uterus and rectum

Answer 46

retrouterine space, pouch of douglas

Question 47

what is this potential space? in males between bladder and rectum

Answer 47

rectovesicular pouch