ABDOMINAL

Question 1

the foregut is supplied by the?

Answer 1

celiac artery

Question 2

the midgut is supplied by the?

Answer 2

superior mesenteric artery

Question 3

the hindgut is supplied by the?

Answer 3

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 4

the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum Proxima bile duct, liver and pancreas come from?

Answer 4

foregut

Question 5

where does most digestion occur?

Answer 5

stomach and duodenum

Question 6

where does absorption occur?

Answer 6

small intestines

Question 7

where does reabsorption occur?

Answer 7

large intestine

Question 8

worm like movements by which the gut tube propels its contents? How is it possible? what does it consist of?

Answer 8

peristalsis

both circular and longitudinal muscle fibers

consists of waves of contractions

Question 9

what is food called in the esophagus?

Answer 9

bolus

Question 10

where is the stomach located, what quadrant?

Answer 10

upper left quadrant

Question 11

what is the arteriole suppler to the stomach?

Answer 11

branches of the celiac trunk

Question 12

what part of the stomach does the esophagus enter?

Answer 12

cardiac notch

Question 13

this part of the stomach acts as the gatekeeper between the stomach and the duodenum?

Answer 13

pyloric notch

Question 14

what is the parasympathetic innervation to the stomach?

sympathetic?

Answer 14

cranial nerve X

greater thoracic splanchnic nerves via the celiac plexus

Question 15

this organ is the primary nutrient absorption and catabolic region?

Answer 15

small intestines

Question 16

what are the four parts of the duodenum?

Answer 16

superior
descending
horizontal
ascending

Question 17

what parts comprise the descending portion of the duodenum?

Answer 17

ampulla of vater
sphincter of Oddi
major duodenal papilla
minor duodenal papilla

Question 18

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the small intestine? sympathetic?

Answer 18

CN X

Celia plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

Question 19

what part of small intestines does most digestion occur?

Answer 19

jejunum

Question 20

blood supply, drainage and innervation of the jejunum?

Answer 20

superior mesenteric artery

portal vein

sympathetic and parasympathetic via superior mesenteric plexus

Question 21

what part of the small intestine does absorption occur?

Answer 21

Ileum

Question 22

the mesentery is associated with what part of the small intestine?

Answer 22

Ileum

Question 23

what is the blood supply and innervation of the Ileum?

Answer 23

superior mesenteric artery

sympathetic and parasympathetic via superior mesenteric plexus

Question 24

how do we distinguish between the parts of the small intestine?

Answer 24

caliber=internal diameter
arterial arcades=loops formed from interconnecting arteries
vasa recta=straight arteries coming off arcades that run perpendicular to bowel they supply

Question 25

what is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 25

formation, transport and evacuation of feces absorption and removal of water compaction of feces via reverse peristalsis

Question 26

what comprises the large intestine?

Answer 26

``` cecum ascending transverse descending sigmoid rectum anal canal ```

Question 27

what other organ is found attached to the cecum?

Answer 27

vermiform appendix, most notably McBurney's point where the site is the base of the appendix

Question 28

what is the blood supply of the stomach large intestine?

Answer 28

superior and inferior mesenteric artery and branches

Question 29

middle colic artery supplies?

Answer 29

right transverse colon

Question 30

right colic artery supplies? what does this anastomose with?

Answer 30

ascending colon middle colic

Question 31

Ileocecal artery supplies?

Answer 31

end of Ileum and cecum

Question 32

left colic artery supplies?

Answer 32

descending colon

Question 33

sigmoid artery supplies?

Answer 33

4 branches to the descending and sigmoid colon

Question 34

superior rectal artery supplies?

Answer 34

superior part of rectum

Question 35

what rectal arteries come from the Iliac artery?

Answer 35

middle and inferior rectal arteries

Question 36

what do all colic arteries have anastomoses with?

Answer 36

marginal arteries

Question 37

what is the venous drainage of the large intestine?

Answer 37

superior and inferior mesenteric veins to the hepatic portal vein

Question 38

ascending colon bends here?

Answer 38

right colic flexure

Question 39

transverse colon bends here?

Answer 39

left colic flexure

Question 40

what are the structures associated with the colon?

Answer 40

Teniae Coli, tough fibrous bands Haustra Epiploic Appendages

Question 41

name this colon structure? outer longitudinal muscle layer of colon that takes the form of three longitudinal bands. It causes haustra because the tenia coli are shorter than large intestine

Answer 41

teniae coli

Question 42

name this colon structure? bulging in the wall of the colon due to the fact that the teniae coli are shorter than the colon?

Answer 42

haustra

Question 43

name this colon structure? fat filled peritoneal pouches attached near the teniae coli, act as bumpers to cushion the colon?

Answer 43

epiploic appendages

Question 44

process of withdrawing fluid from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 44

paracentesis

Question 45

what are the nerves that innevate the large intestine?

Answer 45

sympathetic and para form the superior and inferior mesenteric plexus and from the superior and inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 46

this is the largest organ of the body?

Answer 46

liver

Question 47

diaphragmatic surface not covered by the liver?

Answer 47

bare area of the liver

Question 48

blood supply to liver

Answer 48

hepatic arteries

Question 49

venous input? hepatic veins? right hepatic vein? left and middle hepatic veins?

Answer 49

portal vein - right branch supplies right lobe - left branch supplies other lobes formed by union of the central veins of the liver. Drain the IVC blow the diaphragm drains right lobe of liver drain quadrate, caudate, and left lobes of the liver

Question 50

the umbilical vein is the embryological structure for what and is on the underside of the liver between the left and right lobes?

Answer 50

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Question 51

the ductus venosus is the embryological structure for what and connected the IVC to the portal vein bypassing the liver during fetal life? now its just a remnant superior to the round ligament on the posterior side of the liver between the right and left lobes of the liver

Answer 51

ligamentum venosum

Question 52

transverse fissure on the posterior side of the liver between the caudate and quadrate lobes

Answer 52

porta hepatis

Question 53

what is the biliary drainage of the liver? and to where?

Answer 53

right(drains right lobe) and left hepatic duct(drains other three lobes)

Question 54

this organ is pear shaped found at the junction of the right lobe and left lobes of the posterior liver, concentrates bile? T/F bile is made here

Answer 54

gallbladder F, made in liver

Question 55

if too much water is removed and biliary constituents are removed from solution and precipitate out from the gallbladder, what results?

Answer 55

gallstones

Question 56

what is the blood supply of the gall bladder? innervation Para/Sym?

Answer 56

cystic artery via the hepatic artery para is cranial nerve X, Sam is the celiac plexus

Question 57

what are the four divisions of the pancreas?

Answer 57

head neck body tail

Question 58

T/F, pancreas has exocrine and endocrine function?

Answer 58

T

Question 59

the main pancreatic duct drains what and enters the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla ?

Answer 59

tail, body, neck

Question 60

this part of the pancreas drains the uncinate process and enters duodenum at minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 60

accessory pancreatic duct

Question 61

blood supply of pancreas? | nerve, para/sym?

Answer 61

splenic artery, superior and inferior anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery, superior mesenteric artery para-cranial nerve X sympathetic-form the thoracic splanchnic via the celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

Question 62

this organ produces blood cells in fetal and early post fetal life?

Answer 62

spleen

Question 63

this organ is the largest lymphatic organ?

Answer 63

spleen

Question 64

blood supply of the spleen?drain? innervation, sym?

Answer 64

splenic artery splenic vein that joins with inferior mesenteric vein which then combines with the superior mesenteric vein celiac and superior mesenteric plexus

Question 65

what forms the common hepatic duct?

Answer 65

left and right hepatic duct

Question 66

what makes the common bile duct? this combines with what to produce what?

Answer 66

cystic duct off the gallbladder combining with common hepatic duct connects with pancreatic duct to make the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 67

what controls the entrance fo the digestive enzymes?

Answer 67

sphincter of Oddi

Question 68

what are the sphincters found in the bile duct and pancreatic duct?

Answer 68

sphincter of the bile duct and sphincter of pancreatic duct

Question 69

what forms the portal vein?

Answer 69

formed from the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins

Question 70

epigastric veins w/paraumbilical veins called what?

Answer 70

caput medusae

Question 71

t/f, kidneys go through portal venous system?

Answer 71

f, do not

Question 72

renal artery or vein? L slightly shorter than R, runs posterior to this renal vessel?

Answer 72

renal artery

Question 73

renal artery or vein? large, R shorter than L, L runs under the superior mesenteric artery but in from of the aorta

Answer 73

renal vein

Question 74

what drains into the renal vein?

Answer 74

left testicular or ovarian vein drains into it right goes into the inferior vein cava

Question 75

flow of urine?

Answer 75

``` form collecting duct minor calyces major calyces renal pelvis ureter bladder urethra ```

Question 76

indentation at the apex at each renal pyramid

Answer 76

renal papilla

Question 77

how does the abdominal aorta run to the IVC?

Answer 77

left of the IVC

Question 78

this artery supplies the descending colon?

Answer 78

left colic

Question 79

this artery supplies the sigmoid colon?

Answer 79

sigmoidal arteries

Question 80

this artery supplies the rectum?

Answer 80

superior rectal artery along with middle and inferior

Question 81

what are the tributaries of the IVC?

Answer 81

``` renal veins hepatic vein right testicular external iliac internal iliac ```