PELVIS AND PERINEUM

Question 1

where does the pelvis extend?

how many regions is it (what are they) and is there a dividing line and what are they?

Answer 1

from the iliac crest to the pelvic diaphragm

2 regions, false pelvis and true pelvis

yes, imaginary plane that runs from the sacral promontory to the pubic symphysis

Question 2

what is located in the false pelvis?

Answer 2

intestines

Question 3

what is located in the true pelvis?

Answer 3

site of uterus, ovaries, bladder and lower rectum

Question 4

what comprises the pelvis?

which ones are fused together?

Answer 4

two ischium
two ilium
two pubis
one sacrum

ischium, ilium, and pubis

Question 5

the greater sciatic notch of the ischium is located where?

Answer 5

at the unction between the ischium and ilium

Question 6

what component of the pelvis do we sit on and which of that part?

Answer 6

ischium

ischial tuberosity

Question 7

where does the inguinal ligament originate from? what part of the pelvis and what part of that?

Answer 7

Ilium

ASIS

Question 8

where does the inguinal ligament insert?

Answer 8

pubic tubercle

Question 9

this is the opening formed by the union of pubis and ischium? this is a structure of the coccal bone

Answer 9

obturator foramen

Question 10

this is the cuplike structure where the head of the femur articulates with the pelvis?

Answer 10

acetabulum

Question 11

T/F:

the sacrum is fused to the rest of the pelvis bones?

the sacrum is prone to much more injury than the vertebrate above it (L4 and L5)

what bone is both part of the axial and appendicular skeleton?

Answer 11

true

false, solid structure with no discs

sacrum

Question 12

this part of the vertebrae is made of 2-4 fused vertebrae

Answer 12

coccyx

Question 13

this muscle of the perineum helps control the anal opening? what are the muscles that comprise this?

Answer 13

Levator Ani

1) pubococcygeus
2) puborectalis***
3) Iliococcygeus

***medial portion of the pubococcygeus

Question 14

this muscle of the perineum is found on the spine of the ischium to lower the sacrum and coccyx?

Answer 14

coccygeus muscle

Question 15

what are the openings in the pelvic floor for the male and female?

Answer 15

urethra and anus

urethra, vagina and anus

Question 16

what is the area in front of the levator ani that supports the male genitalia and surrounds the female genitalia? this is found in the perineum

Answer 16

urogenital diaphragm

Question 17

what comprises the anal opening, a muscle of the perineum? which one is skeletal and smooth muscle?

Answer 17

external(skeletal) and internal(smooth) sphincter

Question 18

this is a longitudinal muscle of the perineum that runs along the pubic arch area form the ischium to the clitorus or base of the penis providing structure support and surrounds each crus of the penis?

Answer 18

ischiocavernous muscle

Question 19

this muscle of the perineum wraps around the corpus spongiosum in male and urethral and vaginal openings in the female

Answer 19

bulbosponiosus muscle

Question 20

the collective term for the female external genital structures?

Answer 20

vulva

Question 21

inlet to the uterine cervix during coitus?

what is the term used to describe a structure in the vaginal opening that is covered by an incomplete membrane prior to first coitus?

this is the region of the vaginal opening where the vagina meets the cervix?

Answer 21

vaginal opening

hymen

fornix

Question 22

this is the hair covered fatty region that cushions pubic symphysis area?

Answer 22

mons pubis

Question 23

this is the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis-keeps the uterus in position?

Answer 23

broad ligament of uterus

Question 24

this attaches to the broad ligament, like a small, thin tube within broad ligament comes from the ligamentum teres?

Answer 24

round ligament of the uterus

Question 25

this is the analog of male spermatic cord-ends at labia major?

Answer 25

round ligament of the uterus

Question 26

connects ovary to lateral surface of uterus?

Answer 26

ovarian ligament

Question 27

this is highly vascularized connective tissue at the union of the labium minus and contains the erectile tissue?

Answer 27

clitoris

Question 28

the clitoris is the analog of what structure?

Answer 28

male penis

Question 29

the male penis is the analog of what structure in females?

Answer 29

clitoris

Question 30

this is fat filled skin folds on each side of the urethral and vaginal openings?

Answer 30

labium majora

Question 31

this is the analog of male scrotal sac in females?

Answer 31

labium majora

Question 32

this is the hairless skin fold medial to the labia major and merge at the anterior midline with the clitoris? it surrounds the urethral and vaginal openings?

Answer 32

labium minus

Question 33

this supports the developing the embryo and fetus?

Answer 33

uterus

Question 34

this is a part of the uterus that is the neck or opening into the uterus?

Answer 34

cervix

Question 35

this is a part of the uterus that forms the rounded superior aspect of the uterus?

Answer 35

fundus

Question 36

this structure of the female is almond shaped and located close to the lateral pelvic walls and suspended by these ligaments?

Answer 36

ovaries broad ligaments

Question 37

this connects the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 37

Fallopian tube

Question 38

T/F, the Fallopian tubes and ovaries are NOT a closed system?

Answer 38

true

Question 39

this fetal ligament attaches from the inferior end of a testes to the inferior portion of the sacrum. Each testicle is guided into the scrotal sac?

Answer 39

gubernaculum

Question 40

multilayered protective covering of the testes? what are the layers, innermost to outermost?

Answer 40

scrotal sac tunica albuginea tunica vaginalis (inner(visceral layer) and outer(parietal layer))

Question 41

these layers of the male genitalia are picked up as the testes move through the peritoneal layers?

Answer 41

internal spermatic fascia cremaster muscle external spermatic fascia dartos fascia

Question 42

name the male layer: fascia layer picked up from the transversalis fascia

Answer 42

internal spermatic fascia

Question 43

name the male layer: picked up from the internal oblique muscle. Looks like rings of skeletal muscle. Affects position of testes during temperature fluctuation

Answer 43

cremaster muscle

Question 44

name the male layer: picked up from the deep fascia of the external oblique. Remember that the portion of the abdominal wall that the testes pass through, the external oblique is aponeurosis only-no muscle fibers

Answer 44

external spermatic fascia

Question 45

name the male layer: superficial facia layer containing strands of smooth muscle closely bound to skin causing the wrinkles in skin from cold

Answer 45

dartos fascia

Question 46

this is where the sperm mature? what is the first part of this structure called, located on superior testes?

Answer 46

epididymis head of epididymis

Question 47

retroperitoneal structures that run through spermatic cord and inguinal canal to empty into the urethra?

Answer 47

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 48

posterior to base of bladder. Produce secretions that protect and nourish sperm?

Answer 48

seminal vesicles

Question 49

at base of bladder and surrounds upper portion of the urethra

Answer 49

prostate

Question 50

these three structures empty into the urethra at the neck of the bladder?

Answer 50

ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate

Question 51

site of sperm cell production

Answer 51

seminiferous tubules

Question 52

network of veins that surround the testicular artery for the purpose of heat exchange between warmer arterial blood and cooler venous blood?

Answer 52

pampiniform plexus

Question 53

what is found in the spermatic cord?

Answer 53

``` Testicular vein, artery, nerve genital branch of genitofemoral nerve ductus deferens cremaster muscle pampiniform plexus ```

Question 54

what is the penis divided into? what comprises each

Answer 54

``` body -corpus cavernosa -corpus spongiosa glans penis -foreskin root -crura -bulb -bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands ```

Question 55

this is a structure in the body of the penis that is CT and vascular through to provide support for the corpora spongiosa during coitus

Answer 55

corpus cavernosa

Question 56

this is a structure in the body of the penis that surrounds and supports the urethra and glands

Answer 56

corpus spongiosa

Question 57

this is a structure in the glans penis that protects the glans?

Answer 57

foreskin (prepuce)

Question 58

this is a structure in the root of the penis that is connective tissue attaching corpora cavernosa to perineal floor

Answer 58

crura

Question 59

this is a structure in the root of the penis that is the proximal extension of corpus spongiosum that attaches to perineal floor

Answer 59

bulb

Question 60

this is a structure in the root of the penis that produces secretion that provides some lubrication for coitus and protects urethra from irritants

Answer 60

bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

Question 61

what are the weight bearing ligaments? other ligaments

Answer 61

posterior sacroiliac iliolumber sacrospinous sacrotuberous pubic symphysis inguinal anterior sacroiliac obturator membrane

Question 62

what are the walls of the pelvis? their components

Answer 62

anterolateral wall posterosuperior wall floor ``` anterolateral wall -obturator fascia posterosuperior wall -anterior rami of sacral plexus -piriformis m. -sacrum floor -pelvic diaphragm ```

Question 63

what is the broad ligament comprised of?

Answer 63

mesometrium mesoalpinx mesovarium

Question 64

what does the internal iliac artery supply?

Answer 64

psoas major | iliacus

Question 65

what does the external iliac artery enter through?

Answer 65

the thigh through the vascular lacuna

Question 66

this exits the pelvis through obturator canal and can be a branch from the external iliac artery at the pelvic brim 40% of the time?

Answer 66

obturator artery

Question 67

what is the innervation of the ureter?

Answer 67

prevertebral ganglia and plexi

Question 68

what supplies the rectum? where do they come from? venous drainage?

Answer 68

superior rectal a middle rectal a inferior rectal a superior from IMA middle from internal iliac a. inferior from internal pudendal a. portocaval anastomosis

Question 69

internal anal sphincter is what type of innervation? external?

Answer 69

autonomics somatic, most painful

Question 70

what is the innervation of the uterine tube?

Answer 70

inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 71

what is the blood supply from the internal iliac artery to the vagina? innervation?

Answer 71

uterine a vaginal aa pudendal n pelvic splanchnic n

Question 72

how is the true pelvis broken down? explain the pelvic diagram?

Answer 72

coccygeus and the levator ani with its respective muscles: puborectalis m pubococcygeus m iliococcygeus m

Question 73

what are the male internal genital organs? innervation?

Answer 73

ductus deferens seminal vesicles prostate spermatic testicular plexus