The Thoracic Wall Flashcards
How many ribs atypical and why
4, shape is different and different number of articulation sites
How many ribs total
12
How ribs 11 and 12 are different
No anterior attachment
What runs through costal groove
Intercostal artery, nerve, vein
Primary muscle of respiration
Diaphragm
Secondary muscles of respiration
Intercostal muscles: external, internal, innermost
What are tertiary muscles of respiration
Accessory muscles: SCM, scalene, serratus anterior and posterior
Where is venous return from intercostal veins
Azygos and hemi-azygous veins
Where do azygous veins dump into
SVC
Verticals diameter of thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Antero-posterior diameter of thoracic cavity
Fixed 1st rib, external intercostals
Transverse diameter of thoracic cavity
Fixed 1st rib, external intercostals
During inspiration all ___ ___ are increased by the concerted action of muscles of thoracic cage
Three diameters
During inspiration: diaphragm ____. Abdominal organs ___. ___ vertical/transverse/AP diameter. ___ intrathoracic volume, ___ intrathoracic pressure.
Descends Compressed Increased diameter Increased volume Decreased pressure
During expiration: diaphragm ____. Abdominal organs ___. ___ vertical/transverse/AP diameter. ___ intrathoracic volume, ___ intrathoracic pressure.
Ascends Decompressed Decreased diameter Decreased volume Increased pressure
__ pulmonary/lateral compartments. What is in them
2
Visceral pleura, parietal pleura (4 surfaces), and potential pleural spaces
__ central compartment. What its called. What is in there (4)
1, mediastinum
Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus
What angle is in mediastinum
Angle of louis
One of the places there is lung but no pleura
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Lobes and fissures: diff between right and left
Right has middle lobe and a horizontal fissure, left only has 2 lobes and oblique fissure
What is lingula
Bottom tip of left superior lobe before inferior lobe
What is cardiac notch
Where heart rests against left superior lobe
Where is the hilum and what is in it
Mediastinal surface of lung, pulmonary artery and veins, and bronchi
Grooves in right lung (5)
Cardiac impression, arch of azygous vein, right brachiocephalic vein, SVC, esophagus
Grooves in left lung (3)
Cardiac impression, arch of aorta, descending aorta
Trachea extends from __ __ of __
Inferior border of larynx
How many tracheal rings, characteristic
16-20, incomplete
Trachea is __ to esophagus
Anterior
Trachea bifurcates into what
Right and left main bronchi
Right bronchi is what compared to left
Shorter, wider, more vertical
Bifurcation of trachea at what and level
Sternal angle, T4
Primary bronchi enter lung where
Hilum
Secondary __ bronchi, how many right vs left
Lobar, 3 right 2 left
Tertiary ___ bronchi supplies ___ segments
Segmental, bronchopulmonary
__-__ generations of branches end in __ __
20-25, terminal bronchioles
Pulmonary arteries carry ___ blood, goes from __ to __
Deoxygenated
Heart to lungs
Pulmonary veins carry ___ blood, from __ to __
Oxygenated
Lungs to heart
___ of lung: where structures of root of lung pass
Hilum
Bronchial arteries: supply __ and __ __ of lung
Bronchi and connective tissue
Bronchial veins: drain __ of blood supplied by __ __
Some, bronchial arteries
Pulmonary veins: drain ___ of blood supplied by __ __
Remainder, bronchial arteries
