The Neck Flashcards
Platysma: muscle of ___ ___. Motor nerve: ___ __. Sensory nerve: ___ ___
Facial expression. CN VII, cervical plexus
SCM: actions (2). Nerve __ __
Lateral flexion to one side, extension of atlantooccipital joint bilaterally. CN XI spinal accessory
Expect ___ in superficial veins
Variation
Superficial veins of neck : ___ __ and __ __
Ant jugular and external jugular
External jugular
Serves as ___ ___
Forms near the angle of the ___
Crosses the __ and terminates in the ___ ___
Internal barometer
Mandible
SCM, subclavian vein
Brachiocephalic trunk on which side
Artery on right side
Branches of subclavian artery: 2
Vertebral and internal thoracic (mammary)
External carotid artery branches: 5
Superior thyroid, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial temporal
Branches of aorta and which side they’re on
Left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic trunk on right which branches into subclavian and carotid
What some anatomists like fornicating others prefer s+m stands for
External carotid branches. Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary
Where facial vein comes from
Where subclavian receives blood from
Where right and left subclavian empty
Subclavian vein
Axillary vein
SVC
Where cervical plexus emerges
What it’s known as
Middle of posterior border of SCM
Nerve point of the neck
Origin of cervical plexus
Ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-C4
4 nerves of cervical plexus
Transverse cervical
Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Supra clavicular
Vagus nerve emerges from ___ foramen and descends within __ __, behind and between __ __ vein and internal/___ __ artery
Jugular, carotid sheath, internal jugular, common carotid
Vagus nerve contributes to ___ plexus and provides ___ innervation to muscles of __, __, and ___
Pharyngeal, motor, pharynx, larynx, and palate
Recurrent laryngeal nerves: loop ____ around __ __ artery (right) and ___ arch (left)
Posteriorly, right subclavian, aortic
Recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in the grooves between __ and ___ posterior to the lobes of the ___ gland
Trachea, esophagus, thyroid
Recurrent laryngeal nerves: ___ innervation to pharynx and inferior ___
Sensory, larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerves: ___ innervation to all muscles of ___ except cricothyroid
Motor, larynx
Superior laryngeal nerves: internal laryngeal nerve provides ___ innervation to mucous membranes of the superior ____
Sensory
Larynx
External laryngeal nerve: ___ innervation to the ___ muscle
Motor, cricothyroid
Phrenic nerve
Origin: 3
C3, C4, C5
Phrenic nerve travels __ along surface of the anterior ___ muscle. Enters ___. __ and __ to diaphragm
Inferiorly, scalene, thorax, sensory and motor
Phrenic nerve controls which side of diaphragm
Ipsilateral
Cervical sympathetic trunks lie anterior to __ __ in the ___ space.
Vertebral column
Retro pharyngeal
Cervical sympathetic trunks: 3 ganglia receive __ fibers (names)
Presynaptic
Inferior cervical ganglion
Middle cervical ganglion
Superior cervical ganglion
Postsynaptic neurons in neck send fibers to: cervical ___ nerves via ___ rami communicans. Thoracic viscera via ___ ___ nerves.
Spinal
Gray
Cardiopulmonary sphlanic nerves
Postsynaptic neurons send fibers to: ___ and viscera of the neck via ___ arterial branches (____ artery and ___ arteries)
Head, cephalic, vertebral, carotid
Brachial plexus
Roots __-__ of it merge between the __ and __ scalene.
Trunks pass between the __ and first __ into the upper ___
C5-T1. Anterior and middle.
Clavicle, rib, limb
Carotid sheath: contains __ __ vein, __ __ artery, and __ nerve
Internal jugular, common carotid, vagus
Investing layer of neck: surround the entire neck __ to the skin and __ tissue
Deep, subcutaneous
Pre tracheal layer of neck; ___, ___ to the hyoid bone
Anterior, inferior
Hyoid bone: doesn’t ___ with other ___. Functions as an ___ for anterior neck ___. Prop to keep ___ open.
Articulate, bones. Attachment, muscles, airway
Thyroid: lobes located ____, between ___ __ and ___ tracheal ring
Anterolaterally, thyroid cartilage, fifth
Thyroid pyramidal lobe: ___ process extending superiorly from ___, present in __% of people
Conical, isthmus, 40
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries: arise from __ __ and ___ trunk respectively
External carotid and thyrocervical
Thyroid __ artery present in <10% of people
Ima
Cricoid is at what level
C6
Hyoid has no __ articulation
__ and __ muscles suspend the hyoid bone at the angle between the __ and __
Bony
Suprahyoid and infra hyoid, chin and neck
Supra hyoid muscles: ___/__ the hyoid. Constitute substance at __ of mouth. 4 muscles
Elevate/support
Roof
Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric (anterior/posterior)
Infra hyoid muscles: ___ muscles. ___ hyoid bone. 4
Strap. Depress. Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid
Anterior triangle of neck: bordered by anterior __ __, inferior border of the ___, and ___
Cervical midline, mandible, sternocleidomastoid
Posterior triangle of the neck: bordered by __, __, and anterior border of the __
SCM, clavicle, trapezius
Submandibular anterior triangle: bordered by __ and __ bellies of __. Inferior border of __
Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric.
Mandible
Submandibular anterior triangle: contains submandibular __ __, submandibular __, ___ vein and artery, ___ nerve, and ___ muscle
Lymph nodes Gland Facial Hypoglossal Stylohyoid
Muscular anterior triangle: bordered by superior belly of __, anterior ___ midline, __ __ of SCM
Omohyoid
Cervical
Lower part
Anterior muscular triangle
Contains ___ __ muscles. 4
___ hyoid during swallowing and ___
Infra hyoid strap.
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid (superior belly), thyrohyoid
Depresses, speaking
Carotid anterior triangle:
Bordered by __ belly of __, __ belly of __, and __ part of the SCM
Posterior/digastric, superior/omohyoid, upper
Carotid anterior triangle
Contains: __ __ artery, __ __ artery and branches, __ __ artery, __ body, __ __ vein, and __ nerve
Common carotid, external carotid,
Internal carotid, carotid,
Internal jugular, vagus
Sub mental anterior triangle
Bordered by __ bellies of __. ___ of the hyoid.
Contains ___ muscles
Anterior, digastric. Body
Mylohyoid
Posterior triangle
Bordered by 3
SCM, clavicle, ant border of trapezius
Posterior triangle
Contains __ __ vein, ___ plexus, __ nerve, __ and ___ scalenes, ___ artery, __ and __ of __ plexus
External jugular Cervical Accessory Anterior and middle Subclavian Roots and trunks of brachial
Root of the neck
Arteries: 3
Brachiocephalic trunk on right side
Subclavian (vertebral and internal thoracic/mammary)
Common carotid
Root of the neck veins 3
Brachiocephalic, IJ, subclavian
Root of the neck muscles: 2
Anterior and middle scalenes
Root of the neck nerves: 4
Roots and trunks of brachial plexus
Phrenic nerve
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic trunk
