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Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

ANS is ___. Visceral efferent (motor) fibers stimulate 3

A

Involuntary

Smooth muscle
Modified cardiac muscle
Glands

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2
Q

ANS visceral motor

2 systems.
Sympathetic: ____. ____, ___ or ___, ____ outflow. Level __-__

Parasympathetic: ___, ___, __ and __, ___ and ___ outflow. PNS starts at what level

A

Thoracolumbar. Catabolic. Fight or flight. Lumbosacral. T1-L2/3

Craniosacral, anabolic, rest and repose. Cranial and sacral outflow. S2/3/4

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3
Q

Conduction of impulses from the CNS to effector organ involves a series of __ neurons in __ and __ systems

A

Two, sympathetic, parasympathetic

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4
Q

The cell body of the pre synaptic (__) neuron the __ neuron is located in the ___ matter of the CNS

A

Preganglionic, first, gray

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5
Q

Preganglionic. Sympathetic level __-___. Parasympathetic is in __ and __ __ cord

A

T1-L3

Brain stem and sacral spinal cord

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6
Q

The pre synaptic fiber (___) synapses on the __ __ of a ___ (____) neuron. The second neuron in __ outside the CNS

A

Axon, cell body, postsynaptic (postganglionic). Ganglia

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system
Neurons exert direct control over ___ ___.
Axons are heavily ____, conduction of impulse is ___

A

Skeletal muscle

Myelinated, rapid

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8
Q

PNS is slower than ___ due to less ____

A

Somatic, divergence

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9
Q

Characteristics of ANS
Neurons exist in 2 cell system: ___ and ___
Preganglionic neurons are ___ ___, postganglionic ones ___ ___
Conduction of pluses is ___ than SNS
Considerable ___

A

Presynaptic and postsynaptic
Slightly myelinated, lack myelin
Slower
Divergence

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10
Q 
SNS 
\_\_\_\_
What it does
\_\_\_ outflow
Level \_\_\_-\_\_
A

Catabolic
Fight or flight
Lumbosacral
T1-L2/L3

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11
Q

Pre synaptic sympathetic neurons
Originate in __ matter of ___ ___. Level __-__
Extend to ___ where they synapse on postsynaptic neurons

A

Gray, spinal cord. T1-L3

Ganglia

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12
Q

Presynaptic sympathetic neurons
2 kinds of ganglia:
___, ___, ___ regions- associated with ___ __. Usually ___
___ ganglia: C__-C__. Share __ ganglia.

A

Thorax, lumbar, sacral. Spinal nerve. 22

Cervical. C1-C8. 3

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13
Q

Paravertebral ganglia: ___ and anterior to __ ___

Plexuses that surround it: ___, superior and inferior ___

A

Unpaired, abdominal aorta

Celiac, mesenteric

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14
Q

SNS path of presynaptic fibers:
Extend spinal cord through __ rootlets ___-__/__
then go to ___ nerve. Then ____ ___ (___ rami)
Then __ ___ (chain ganglia)

A

Ventral, T1-L2/L3
Spinal.
Ventral ramus (white)
Paravertebral ganglia

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15
Q

Sympathetic, preglanglionic neurons in these organs 4

A

Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Adrenal medulla
Inferior mesenteric ganglion

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16
Q

Postganglionic SNS neurons.
___, __ and __ glands, __ gland, ___, ___ tree, ___, __ ganglion, ___ intestine, __ __ ganglion, __ medulla, ___ intestine, ___ deferens

A 
Eye, Submandibular and sublingual glands
Parotid gland, Heart
Bronchial, Stomach, Celiac ganglion 
Small intestine, Superior mesenteric ganglion, adrenal medulla 
Large intestine, ductus deferens
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17
Q 
Sympathetic pathways, synapse in \_\_\_\_ ganglia
Skin:
Causes \_\_\_/\_\_\_ skin. 
Increase in \_\_ \_\_ activity 
Causes hair to \_\_\_ on end 
Effects are \_\_\_
A 
Paravertebral 
Vasoconstriction/cold
Sweat gland 
Stand 
Quick
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18
Q

Sympathetic pathways: paravertebral ganglia synapse
Head
Inhibit __, __, and __ glands
Dry ___
Stimulate eye muscles that ___ iris
Stimulate eyelid muscles to keep them ___

A

Nasal, lacrimal, salivary
Mouth
Dilate
Open

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19
Q 
Sympathetic pathways: thoracic organs 
Increase \_\_\_ rate
Dilate \_\_ \_\_ that supply \_\_ \_\_
Dilate respiratory \_\_\_ \_\_\_ 
Inhibit \_\_ and \_\_ of \_\_\_
A

Heart
Blood vessels, heart wall
Air tubes
Muscles and glands of esophagus

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20
Q

SNS pathways: Gut

___ activity of the muscles and glands for the most part

A

Inhibit

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21
Q

SNS pathways: pelvis
___ urination
___ defecation
___ ejaculation

A

Inhibit, inhibit, promote

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22
Q

SNS pathways: adrenal medulla
Secrete great amounts of ___ hormones in blood. __ and __
Synapse on __ __, cells are their own ____

A

Excitatory, epi and norepi

Adrenal medulla, ganglia

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23
Q

PNS division
___.
What it does
What kind of outflow

A

Anabolic
Rest and digest
Craniosacral

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24
Q

PNS division

Cranial outflow from ___ innervates organs of __, __, __ and most of __

A

Brain,
head, neck, thorax,
abdomen

25
Q

PNS division

Sacral outflow supplies the rest of the __ and __ organs

A

Abdominal and pelvic

26
Q

PNS cranial outflow

Preganglionic fibers contained in CN __, __, __, and __

A

3, 7, 4, 5

27
Q 
PNS outflow 
CN III- \_\_ \_\_
CN VII- \_\_ and \_\_ ganglia 
CN XI- \_\_ ganglion 
CN X- ganglion \_\_ or \_\_ to organs
A

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine and submandibular
Otic
Within or close

28
Q

Vagus sends many branches to ___ plexuses

5 plexuses:

A

Autonomic

Cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, celiac, superior mesenteric

29
Q

PNS sacral outflow
Sacral outflow supplies __ and __ organs
Cell bodies lie in __ __ __ of spinal segments __-__
Postganglionic neurons in __ __ located within or next to __ __

A

Abdominal and pelvic
Lateral gray horns, S2-S4
Peripheral ganglia, target organs

30
Q

PNS sacral outflow
Preganglionic fibers don’t __ extensively. On __-__ ganglionic neurons.
Postganglionic neurons all located in the __ __.influence the same __ __

A

Diverge. 6-8

Same ganglion. Target organs

31
Q

PNS sacral outflow

Effects of PNS stimulation more __ and __ than those of the sympathetic division

A

Specific and localized

32
Q

Visceral afferrent fibers
___ reflexes, conducting __ from internal organs
General neurons monitor __, __, __ changes, and __ within visceral organs

A

Autonomic, pain

Stretch, temperature, chemical, irritation

33
Q

Visceral afferrent fibers
Brain interprets visceral info as feelings of __, __, __, __, or __-__
Visceral sensations difficult to __ with precision

A

Hunger, fullness, pain, nausea, well-being

Localize

34
Q

Visceral pain is sometimes perceived as originating from __ or __ body (___ pain)

May be due to __ __ in the vessels supplying the corresponding __ segments

A

Skin, outer body, somatic

Reflexive vasoconstriction, somatic

35
Q

Liver and gallbladder refer pain to

A

Right side of neck and right middle back

36
Q

Lung and diaphragm refer pain to

A

Left neck

37
Q

Heart refers pain to

A

Left chest, arm, and upper middle back

38
Q

Stomach refers pain to

A

Middle chest and middle back

39
Q

Pancreas refers pain to

A

Middle/left chest and left middle back

40
Q

Parasympathetic reflexes
Gastric and intestinal reflexes:
stimulus is __ and physical __ with materials.
Response: __ __ contractions that propel materials and mix with secretions

A

Pressure, contact

Smooth muscle

41
Q

PNS reflexes: defecation
Stimulus: __ of __
Response: __ of __ anal sphincter

A

Distension of rectum

Relaxation of internal

42
Q

PNS reflexes: urination
Stimulus: __ of urinary ___
Response: ___ of bladder __

A

Distension, bladder

Contraction of bladder walls

43
Q

PNS reflexes
Light and consensual light reflex
Stimulus: ___ __ shining in __
Response: ___ of pupils of _ __

A

Bright light shining in eyes

Construction of both pupils

44
Q

Swallowing reflex: PNS reflexes
Stimulus: movement of __ into __ __
Response: __ __ contractions moving materials into __

A

Material, upper pharynx

Smooth muscle, stomach

45
Q

PNS reflexes: vomiting reflex
Stimulus: ___ of digestive tract___
Response: ___ of normal smooth muscle action to eject contents a

A

Irritation, lining

Reversal

46
Q

Coughing reflex: PNS
Stimulus: ___ of respiratory tract __
Response: sudden __ __ of air

A

Irritation, lining

Explosive ejection

47
Q

Cardio inhibitory reflex
Stim: sudden __ in BP in __ artery
Response: __ in HR and force of __

A

Rise, carotid

Reduction, contraction

48
Q

Sexual arousal:
Stimulus: __ or __ stimuli
Response: increased __ secretions and ___

A

Visual or tactile

Glandular, sensitivity

49
Q

Splanchnic nerves: convey visceral ___(___) and __ fibers to and from the visceral organs

A

Efferent, autonomic

Afferrent

50
Q

Nerve/pre or post synaptic/ autonomic division:
Cardiopulmonary
Abdominopelvic: 5 areas
Pelvic: origin (3)

A

Post, sympathetic
Pre, sympathetic: greater, lesser, least, lumbar, sacral
Pre, parasympathetic: S2, S3, S4

51
Q

Sympathetic anatomical differences from PNS:
Pathways have ___ postganglionic fibers
Ganglia lie close to ___

A

Long

CNS

52
Q

Sympathetic differences
Sympathetic fibers __ profusely, ___
Postganglionic fibers release ___

A

Branch, divergence

Norepi

53
Q

Preganglionic SNS fibers release what

A

Acetylcholine

54
Q

PNS differences
Pathways have relatively __ postganglionic fibers
Ganglia lie __ from CNS, nearby or within __ __
Fibers are more __ and ___

A

Short
Far, innervated organs
Localized and discrete

55
Q

PNS postganglionic fibers release what

A

Acetylcholine

56
Q

Raynaud’s disease
___ attacks, skin of fingers and toes becomes __, then __ and __
After attacks __ __ again fill with __
Provoked by exposure to __ and __ __

A

Intermittent, blue, pale, painful
Peripheral vessels, blood
Cold and emotional stress

57
Q

Raynauds
Thought to be exaggerated __ __ response in affected region
Severity __. May even cause __.
Tx involves drugs that inhibit ___. Severe cases require removal of __ __
Affects ___

A

Sympathetic vasoconstriction
Varies, gangrene
Vasoconstriction, sympathetic ganglia
Elderly

58
Q

Frey’s syndrome
___ syndrome, ___ sweating
Result from __ ___ PNS fibers growing into the __ and innervation sweat glands following ___ gland surgery. Sweating in the area of the __ occurs while ___

A

Auriculotemporal, gustatory
Denervated postganglionic, dermis
Parotid
Parotid, eating

Anatomy (23 decks)

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