Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards by Hailey Haas

ANS is ___. Visceral efferent (motor) fibers stimulate 3

Involuntary

Smooth muscle
Modified cardiac muscle
Glands

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ANS visceral motor

2 systems.
Sympathetic: ____. ____, ___ or ___, ____ outflow. Level __-__

Parasympathetic: ___, ___, __ and __, ___ and ___ outflow. PNS starts at what level

Thoracolumbar. Catabolic. Fight or flight. Lumbosacral. T1-L2/3

Craniosacral, anabolic, rest and repose. Cranial and sacral outflow. S2/3/4

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Conduction of impulses from the CNS to effector organ involves a series of __ neurons in __ and __ systems

Two, sympathetic, parasympathetic

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The cell body of the pre synaptic (__) neuron the __ neuron is located in the ___ matter of the CNS

Preganglionic, first, gray

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Preganglionic. Sympathetic level __-___. Parasympathetic is in __ and __ __ cord

T1-L3

Brain stem and sacral spinal cord

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The pre synaptic fiber (___) synapses on the __ __ of a ___ (____) neuron. The second neuron in __ outside the CNS

Axon, cell body, postsynaptic (postganglionic). Ganglia

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Somatic nervous system
Neurons exert direct control over ___ ___.
Axons are heavily ____, conduction of impulse is ___

Skeletal muscle

Myelinated, rapid

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PNS is slower than ___ due to less ____

Somatic, divergence

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Characteristics of ANS
Neurons exist in 2 cell system: ___ and ___
Preganglionic neurons are ___ ___, postganglionic ones ___ ___
Conduction of pluses is ___ than SNS
Considerable ___

Presynaptic and postsynaptic
Slightly myelinated, lack myelin
Slower
Divergence

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SNS 
\_\_\_\_
What it does
\_\_\_ outflow
Level \_\_\_-\_\_

Catabolic
Fight or flight
Lumbosacral
T1-L2/L3

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Pre synaptic sympathetic neurons
Originate in __ matter of ___ ___. Level __-__
Extend to ___ where they synapse on postsynaptic neurons

Gray, spinal cord. T1-L3

Ganglia

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Presynaptic sympathetic neurons
2 kinds of ganglia:
___, ___, ___ regions- associated with ___ __. Usually ___
___ ganglia: C__-C__. Share __ ganglia.

Thorax, lumbar, sacral. Spinal nerve. 22

Cervical. C1-C8. 3

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Paravertebral ganglia: ___ and anterior to __ ___

Plexuses that surround it: ___, superior and inferior ___

Unpaired, abdominal aorta

Celiac, mesenteric

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SNS path of presynaptic fibers:
Extend spinal cord through __ rootlets ___-__/__
then go to ___ nerve. Then ____ ___ (___ rami)
Then __ ___ (chain ganglia)

Ventral, T1-L2/L3
Spinal.
Ventral ramus (white)
Paravertebral ganglia

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Sympathetic, preglanglionic neurons in these organs 4

Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Adrenal medulla
Inferior mesenteric ganglion

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Postganglionic SNS neurons.
___, __ and __ glands, __ gland, ___, ___ tree, ___, __ ganglion, ___ intestine, __ __ ganglion, __ medulla, ___ intestine, ___ deferens

Eye, Submandibular and sublingual glands
Parotid gland, Heart
Bronchial, Stomach, Celiac ganglion 
Small intestine, Superior mesenteric ganglion, adrenal medulla 
Large intestine, ductus deferens

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Sympathetic pathways, synapse in \_\_\_\_ ganglia
Skin:
Causes \_\_\_/\_\_\_ skin. 
Increase in \_\_ \_\_ activity 
Causes hair to \_\_\_ on end 
Effects are \_\_\_

Paravertebral 
Vasoconstriction/cold
Sweat gland 
Stand 
Quick

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Sympathetic pathways: paravertebral ganglia synapse
Head
Inhibit __, __, and __ glands
Dry ___
Stimulate eye muscles that ___ iris
Stimulate eyelid muscles to keep them ___

Nasal, lacrimal, salivary
Mouth
Dilate
Open

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Sympathetic pathways: thoracic organs 
Increase \_\_\_ rate
Dilate \_\_ \_\_ that supply \_\_ \_\_
Dilate respiratory \_\_\_ \_\_\_ 
Inhibit \_\_ and \_\_ of \_\_\_

Heart
Blood vessels, heart wall
Air tubes
Muscles and glands of esophagus

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SNS pathways: Gut

___ activity of the muscles and glands for the most part

Inhibit

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SNS pathways: pelvis
___ urination
___ defecation
___ ejaculation

Inhibit, inhibit, promote

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SNS pathways: adrenal medulla
Secrete great amounts of ___ hormones in blood. __ and __
Synapse on __ __, cells are their own ____

Excitatory, epi and norepi

Adrenal medulla, ganglia

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PNS division
___.
What it does
What kind of outflow

Anabolic
Rest and digest
Craniosacral

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PNS division

Cranial outflow from ___ innervates organs of __, __, __ and most of __

Brain,
head, neck, thorax,
abdomen

PNS division | Sacral outflow supplies the rest of the __ and __ organs

Abdominal and pelvic

PNS cranial outflow | Preganglionic fibers contained in CN __, __, __, and __

3, 7, 4, 5

``` PNS outflow CN III- __ __ CN VII- __ and __ ganglia CN XI- __ ganglion CN X- ganglion __ or __ to organs ```

Ciliary Pterygopalatine and submandibular Otic Within or close

Vagus sends many branches to ___ plexuses | 5 plexuses:

Autonomic | Cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, celiac, superior mesenteric

PNS sacral outflow Sacral outflow supplies __ and __ organs Cell bodies lie in __ __ __ of spinal segments __-__ Postganglionic neurons in __ __ located within or next to __ __

Abdominal and pelvic Lateral gray horns, S2-S4 Peripheral ganglia, target organs

PNS sacral outflow Preganglionic fibers don't __ extensively. On __-__ ganglionic neurons. Postganglionic neurons all located in the __ __.influence the same __ __

Diverge. 6-8 | Same ganglion. Target organs

PNS sacral outflow | Effects of PNS stimulation more __ and __ than those of the sympathetic division

Specific and localized

Visceral afferrent fibers ___ reflexes, conducting __ from internal organs General neurons monitor __, __, __ changes, and __ within visceral organs

Autonomic, pain | Stretch, temperature, chemical, irritation

Visceral afferrent fibers Brain interprets visceral info as feelings of __, __, __, __, or __-__ Visceral sensations difficult to __ with precision

Hunger, fullness, pain, nausea, well-being | Localize

Visceral pain is sometimes perceived as originating from __ or __ body (___ pain) May be due to __ __ in the vessels supplying the corresponding __ segments

Skin, outer body, somatic Reflexive vasoconstriction, somatic

Liver and gallbladder refer pain to

Right side of neck and right middle back

Lung and diaphragm refer pain to

Left neck

Heart refers pain to

Left chest, arm, and upper middle back

Stomach refers pain to

Middle chest and middle back

Pancreas refers pain to

Middle/left chest and left middle back

Parasympathetic reflexes Gastric and intestinal reflexes: stimulus is __ and physical __ with materials. Response: __ __ contractions that propel materials and mix with secretions

Pressure, contact | Smooth muscle

PNS reflexes: defecation Stimulus: __ of __ Response: __ of __ anal sphincter

Distension of rectum | Relaxation of internal

PNS reflexes: urination Stimulus: __ of urinary ___ Response: ___ of bladder __

Distension, bladder | Contraction of bladder walls

PNS reflexes Light and consensual light reflex Stimulus: ___ __ shining in __ Response: ___ of pupils of _ __

Bright light shining in eyes | Construction of both pupils

Swallowing reflex: PNS reflexes Stimulus: movement of __ into __ __ Response: __ __ contractions moving materials into __

Material, upper pharynx | Smooth muscle, stomach

PNS reflexes: vomiting reflex Stimulus: ___ of digestive tract___ Response: ___ of normal smooth muscle action to eject contents a

Irritation, lining Reversal

Coughing reflex: PNS Stimulus: ___ of respiratory tract __ Response: sudden __ __ of air

Irritation, lining | Explosive ejection

Cardio inhibitory reflex Stim: sudden __ in BP in __ artery Response: __ in HR and force of __

Rise, carotid | Reduction, contraction

Sexual arousal: Stimulus: __ or __ stimuli Response: increased __ secretions and ___

Visual or tactile Glandular, sensitivity

Splanchnic nerves: convey visceral ___(___) and __ fibers to and from the visceral organs

Efferent, autonomic Afferrent

Nerve/pre or post synaptic/ autonomic division: Cardiopulmonary Abdominopelvic: 5 areas Pelvic: origin (3)

Post, sympathetic Pre, sympathetic: greater, lesser, least, lumbar, sacral Pre, parasympathetic: S2, S3, S4

Sympathetic anatomical differences from PNS: Pathways have ___ postganglionic fibers Ganglia lie close to ___

Long | CNS

Sympathetic differences Sympathetic fibers __ profusely, ___ Postganglionic fibers release ___

Branch, divergence | Norepi

Preganglionic SNS fibers release what

Acetylcholine

PNS differences Pathways have relatively __ postganglionic fibers Ganglia lie __ from CNS, nearby or within __ __ Fibers are more __ and ___

Short Far, innervated organs Localized and discrete

PNS postganglionic fibers release what

Acetylcholine

Raynaud's disease ___ attacks, skin of fingers and toes becomes __, then __ and __ After attacks __ __ again fill with __ Provoked by exposure to __ and __ __

Intermittent, blue, pale, painful Peripheral vessels, blood Cold and emotional stress

Raynauds Thought to be exaggerated __ __ response in affected region Severity __. May even cause __. Tx involves drugs that inhibit ___. Severe cases require removal of __ __ Affects ___

Sympathetic vasoconstriction Varies, gangrene Vasoconstriction, sympathetic ganglia Elderly

Frey's syndrome ___ syndrome, ___ sweating Result from __ ___ PNS fibers growing into the __ and innervation sweat glands following ___ gland surgery. Sweating in the area of the __ occurs while ___

Auriculotemporal, gustatory Denervated postganglionic, dermis Parotid Parotid, eating