Eye And Orbit Flashcards by Hailey Haas

Cornea

Transparent anterior 1/6 of outer coat of eyeball

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Iris

Colored diaphragm seen cornea

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Pupil

Aperture at center of iris

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Sclera

Whitish opaque 5/6 of the outer coat of eyeball

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Lavator palpebrae

Action and innervation

Elevates upper eyelid, CN III

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Which nerve opens eye and which close it

3 opens 7 closes

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Lacrimal glands

Innervated by which system and nerve

PNS- 7

SNS from superior cervical ganglion

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Nasolacrimal duct

Does what

Conveys lacrimal fluid to nasal cavity

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What covers sclera and anterior palpebral surface and keeps contacts from going back into orbit

Conjunctiva

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Sphincter pupillae

Action
Stimulated by what
Role in which syndrome

Constricts or contracts pupil- miosis
PNS
Horners

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Dilator pupillae

Stimulated by what
Action

SNS

Dilates pupil

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Retina

Role in what

Light reception

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Optic disc

What it transmits

Sensory fibers and vessels conveyed by CN II enter and radiate to eyeball

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Macula

Role and what it has

Area of retina with specialized photoreceptor cone cells

Acuity of vision

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Rod cells

Cone cells

Transmit light to brain

Visual acuity

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Most refraction produced by what

Cornea

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What fine tunes the focus of near or far objects on the retina

Convexity of the lens

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___ muscle changes the shape of the lens (___)

Ciliary, shape

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Ciliary is ___ in absence of nerve stim. ___ fibers under tension. Lens is ___ ___ to refract light for __ vision

Relaxed, zonular

Stretched thin, distant

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PNS Stim causes ciliary muscle to ___. Zonular fibers ___. Lens becomes ___ to refract light for ___ vision.

Contract, relax

Thicker, near

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All 3 extraocular muscles of orbit exit skull via

Superior orbital fissure

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Nerve associated with lateral rectus

Abducens VI

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Nerve assoc with superior oblique

Trochlear IV

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Nerve assoc with superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

III oculomotor

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Oculomotor controls which EOM

Sup rectus, med rectus, inf rectus, inf oblique.

Which nerve innervates levator palpebrae superioris

CN III

Rectus muscles have ___ attachment. Name 4

Anterior | Superior, inferior, lateral, medial

Oblique muscles have __ attachment

Posterior

Orbits are ___ in shape. Base is __ __. Apex is at __ __.

Pyramidal Orbital margin Optic canal

Eye movements: vertical axis: __ and __. Horizontal axis: ___, __ and __, __ and __. Anterior/posterior axis: __ __ and __ __

Left and right Adductors, medial and lateral, elevators and depressors Medial rotation and lateral rotation (intorsion and extorsion)

Muscles of extortion

Inferior oblique and inferior rectus

Muscles of intorsion

Superior oblique and superior rectus

Primary elevator

Superior rectus

Primary depressor

Inferior rectus

Ptosis caused by loss of what

Levator palpebrae superioris, CN III

Cause of pupil abducted and direction inferiorly (down and out)

CN III, unopposed actions of lateral rectus and superior oblique

What causes no pupillary reflex in affected eye

CN III, interruption of PNS fibers to sphincter of iris, leaves dilator pupillae unopposed

What causes no accommodation of lens

Cns III, interruption of PNS fibers causing paralysis of ciliary muscle

2 movements CN III doesnt do

Down and out and lateral movement

Lesion of CN III cant look ___ and ___, unopposed actions of what

Up and in, LR or SO

In CN IV lesion affected eye cant be directed ___, results in ___ when looking ___

Inferolaterally, diploplia, down

Diploplia: ___ ___ helps __ __ in the depressing eye. In the affected eye gaze directed ___ than unaffected eye

Inferior rectus, superior oblique | Differently

CN IV lesion can be partially corrected by tilting head __ and to __ of normal eye

Anteriorly and to side

CN VI palsy leads to paralysis of __ __ and produces __ deviation of eye

Lateral rectus, medial deviation

CN VI palsy: ___ present in all directions except when gazing to the __ __ the lesion

Diploplia, side opposite

At optic chiasm ___ fibers continue but __ fibers cross

Temporal, nasal

Fibers from __ half of each retina decussate in chiasm to join uncrossed fibers from __ half of retina to form __ __

Nasal, temporal, optic tract

Crossing over of fibers is required for ___ vision, allows for __ of field

Binocular, depth

Fibers from right half of both retinas form __ __ __

Right optic tract

Fibers from __ __ of both __ form left optic tract

Left half, retinas

4 visual fields

Left, right, nasal, temporal

``` Anopsia= ____ Bi= involves what ```

Blindness | Left and right visual fields

Involves which field when loss: Nasal Temporal

Nasal visual field | Temporal visual field

Involves which field when loss: Hemi Homonymous

Half of each visual field | Same field of vision in each eye (right/left)

Blindness of ipsilateral eye=

Right or left eye anopsia

Nasal hemianopsia caused by what

Calcification or aneurysm of internal carotid artery

Bitemporal hemianopsia caused by what and affects what

Commonly pituitary tumors, both eyes

Direct response to light

Ipsilateral pupil constricts

Consensual response to light

Contralateral pupil constricts

Pupillary light response: Afferrent: cn __, __ eye Efferent: cn ___, __ eye

II, ipsilateral | III, both eyes

Corneal reflex Afferrent- cn __ Efferent- cn __

V1 | VII

Preganglionic PNS fibers to eyeball are cn __. Postganglionic fibers emerge via __ __ __

III, short ciliary nerves

``` Pns innervation: ___ pupil (___) and __ lens of eye (__) ```

Constricts, sphincter | Accommodates, ciliary

Pupillary light reflex: __ pathway by __ nerve. Efferent by CN __

Afferrent, optic | Efferent, III

Superior cervical ganglia is __ and is present in ___. Blood supply usually from __ __

Large, everyone | Internal carotid

Postganglionic sns fibers to eyeball are from __ ganglia via __ __ plexus

Cervical | Internal carotid

Sns innervation of eye __ pupil through __ __

Dilates, dilator pupillae

Horner syndrome: caused by __ of __ __ | Manifestations: a sense of __ __ stim

Interruption of cervical sns trunk | Ipsilateral sympathetic

Signs of horner syndrome

Ptosis, anydrosis, Miosis, and vasodilation (heat and red skin)

If __ __ and __ __ muscles affected cant elevate eyelid

Superior tarsal and levator palpebrae

Most of blood supply to eye comes from __ artery. Supplies all of eyeball and branches to __ cavity (__ and __ __ arteries)

Ophthalmic, nasal, ant and post ethmoidal

Venous return of eye through __ vein mainly | __, __ __ veins have anastomoses

Facial | Supraorbital, inf ophthalmic

Cn II jobs: sensory __. __ limb of __ __ reflex

Vision. Afferrent, pupillary light

CN III func: motor to eye __ of __ ocular muscles and __ __ __

4 of 6, levator palpebrae superioris

Cn III: __ limb of __ __ reflex. Carries __ __ fibers to __ ganglion

Efferent, pupillary light | Preganglionic pns, ciliary

Trochlear nerve function: __ to __ __

Motor to superior oblique

Opthalmic nerve v1 func: __ to eye including what

Lacrimal gland, superior conjunctiva, external cutaneous structures, nasal cavity, and 3 sinuses (frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoid)

Opthalmic nerve V1: __ limb of __ reflex. Conveys __ fibers from __ ganglion to __

Afferrent, corneal | Autonomic, ciliary iris

Maxillary nerve V2: __ to __ __. Conveys __ fibers from __ ganglion to __ __

Sensory, inferior conjunctiva | Autonomic, pterygopalatine, lacrimal glands

Abducens nerve function: __ to __ __

Motor, lateral rectus

Facial nerve function: __ limb of __ reflex. Carries __ __ fibers to __ ganglion

Afferrent, corneal | Preganglionic pns, pterygopalatine