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Anatomy > Eye And Orbit > Flashcards

Eye And Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent anterior 1/6 of outer coat of eyeball

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2
Q

Iris

A

Colored diaphragm seen cornea

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3
Q

Pupil

A

Aperture at center of iris

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4
Q

Sclera

A

Whitish opaque 5/6 of the outer coat of eyeball

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5
Q

Lavator palpebrae

Action and innervation

A

Elevates upper eyelid, CN III

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6
Q

Which nerve opens eye and which close it

A

3 opens 7 closes

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7
Q

Lacrimal glands

Innervated by which system and nerve

A

PNS- 7

SNS from superior cervical ganglion

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8
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

Does what

A

Conveys lacrimal fluid to nasal cavity

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9
Q

What covers sclera and anterior palpebral surface and keeps contacts from going back into orbit

A

Conjunctiva

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10
Q

Sphincter pupillae

Action
Stimulated by what
Role in which syndrome

A

Constricts or contracts pupil- miosis
PNS
Horners

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11
Q

Dilator pupillae

Stimulated by what
Action

A

SNS

Dilates pupil

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12
Q

Retina

Role in what

A

Light reception

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13
Q

Optic disc

What it transmits

A

Sensory fibers and vessels conveyed by CN II enter and radiate to eyeball

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14
Q

Macula

Role and what it has

A

Area of retina with specialized photoreceptor cone cells

Acuity of vision

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15
Q

Rod cells

Cone cells

A

Transmit light to brain

Visual acuity

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16
Q

Most refraction produced by what

A

Cornea

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17
Q

What fine tunes the focus of near or far objects on the retina

A

Convexity of the lens

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18
Q

___ muscle changes the shape of the lens (___)

A

Ciliary, shape

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19
Q

Ciliary is ___ in absence of nerve stim. ___ fibers under tension. Lens is ___ ___ to refract light for __ vision

A

Relaxed, zonular

Stretched thin, distant

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20
Q

PNS Stim causes ciliary muscle to ___. Zonular fibers ___. Lens becomes ___ to refract light for ___ vision.

A

Contract, relax

Thicker, near

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21
Q

All 3 extraocular muscles of orbit exit skull via

A

Superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Nerve associated with lateral rectus

A

Abducens VI

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23
Q

Nerve assoc with superior oblique

A

Trochlear IV

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24
Q

Nerve assoc with superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

A

III oculomotor

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25
Q

Oculomotor controls which EOM

A

Sup rectus, med rectus, inf rectus, inf oblique.

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26
Q

Which nerve innervates levator palpebrae superioris

A

CN III

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27
Q

Rectus muscles have ___ attachment. Name 4

A

Anterior

Superior, inferior, lateral, medial

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28
Q

Oblique muscles have __ attachment

A

Posterior

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29
Q

Orbits are ___ in shape. Base is __ __. Apex is at __ __.

A

Pyramidal
Orbital margin
Optic canal

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30
Q

Eye movements: vertical axis: __ and __. Horizontal axis: ___, __ and __, __ and __. Anterior/posterior axis: __ __ and __ __

A

Left and right
Adductors, medial and lateral, elevators and depressors
Medial rotation and lateral rotation (intorsion and extorsion)

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31
Q

Muscles of extortion

A

Inferior oblique and inferior rectus

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32
Q

Muscles of intorsion

A

Superior oblique and superior rectus

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33
Q

Primary elevator

A

Superior rectus

34
Q

Primary depressor

A

Inferior rectus

35
Q

Ptosis caused by loss of what

A

Levator palpebrae superioris, CN III

36
Q

Cause of pupil abducted and direction inferiorly (down and out)

A

CN III, unopposed actions of lateral rectus and superior oblique

37
Q

What causes no pupillary reflex in affected eye

A

CN III, interruption of PNS fibers to sphincter of iris, leaves dilator pupillae unopposed

38
Q

What causes no accommodation of lens

A

Cns III, interruption of PNS fibers causing paralysis of ciliary muscle

39
Q

2 movements CN III doesnt do

A

Down and out and lateral movement

40
Q

Lesion of CN III cant look ___ and ___, unopposed actions of what

A

Up and in, LR or SO

41
Q

In CN IV lesion affected eye cant be directed ___, results in ___ when looking ___

A

Inferolaterally, diploplia, down

42
Q

Diploplia: ___ ___ helps __ __ in the depressing eye. In the affected eye gaze directed ___ than unaffected eye

A

Inferior rectus, superior oblique

Differently

43
Q

CN IV lesion can be partially corrected by tilting head __ and to __ of normal eye

A

Anteriorly and to side

44
Q

CN VI palsy leads to paralysis of __ __ and produces __ deviation of eye

A

Lateral rectus, medial deviation

45
Q

CN VI palsy: ___ present in all directions except when gazing to the __ __ the lesion

A

Diploplia, side opposite

46
Q

At optic chiasm ___ fibers continue but __ fibers cross

A

Temporal, nasal

47
Q

Fibers from __ half of each retina decussate in chiasm to join uncrossed fibers from __ half of retina to form __ __

A

Nasal, temporal, optic tract

48
Q

Crossing over of fibers is required for ___ vision, allows for __ of field

A

Binocular, depth

49
Q

Fibers from right half of both retinas form __ __ __

A

Right optic tract

50
Q

Fibers from __ __ of both __ form left optic tract

A

Left half, retinas

51
Q

4 visual fields

A

Left, right, nasal, temporal

52
Q 
Anopsia= \_\_\_\_
Bi= involves what
A

Blindness

Left and right visual fields

53
Q

Involves which field when loss:
Nasal
Temporal

A

Nasal visual field

Temporal visual field

54
Q

Involves which field when loss:
Hemi
Homonymous

A

Half of each visual field

Same field of vision in each eye (right/left)

55
Q

Blindness of ipsilateral eye=

A

Right or left eye anopsia

56
Q

Nasal hemianopsia caused by what

A

Calcification or aneurysm of internal carotid artery

57
Q

Bitemporal hemianopsia caused by what and affects what

A

Commonly pituitary tumors, both eyes

58
Q

Direct response to light

A

Ipsilateral pupil constricts

59
Q

Consensual response to light

A

Contralateral pupil constricts

60
Q

Pupillary light response:
Afferrent: cn __, __ eye
Efferent: cn ___, __ eye

A

II, ipsilateral

III, both eyes

61
Q

Corneal reflex
Afferrent- cn __
Efferent- cn __

A

V1

VII

62
Q

Preganglionic PNS fibers to eyeball are cn __. Postganglionic fibers emerge via __ __ __

A

III, short ciliary nerves

63
Q 
Pns innervation:
\_\_\_ pupil (\_\_\_) and \_\_ lens of eye (\_\_)
A

Constricts, sphincter

Accommodates, ciliary

64
Q

Pupillary light reflex: __ pathway by __ nerve. Efferent by CN __

A

Afferrent, optic

Efferent, III

65
Q

Superior cervical ganglia is __ and is present in ___. Blood supply usually from __ __

A

Large, everyone

Internal carotid

66
Q

Postganglionic sns fibers to eyeball are from __ ganglia via __ __ plexus

A

Cervical

Internal carotid

67
Q

Sns innervation of eye __ pupil through __ __

A

Dilates, dilator pupillae

68
Q

Horner syndrome: caused by __ of __ __

Manifestations: a sense of __ __ stim

A

Interruption of cervical sns trunk

Ipsilateral sympathetic

69
Q

Signs of horner syndrome

A

Ptosis, anydrosis, Miosis, and vasodilation (heat and red skin)

70
Q

If __ __ and __ __ muscles affected cant elevate eyelid

A

Superior tarsal and levator palpebrae

71
Q

Most of blood supply to eye comes from __ artery. Supplies all of eyeball and branches to __ cavity (__ and __ __ arteries)

A

Ophthalmic, nasal, ant and post ethmoidal

72
Q

Venous return of eye through __ vein mainly

__, __ __ veins have anastomoses

A

Facial

Supraorbital, inf ophthalmic

73
Q

Cn II jobs: sensory __. __ limb of __ __ reflex

A

Vision. Afferrent, pupillary light

74
Q

CN III func: motor to eye __ of __ ocular muscles and __ __ __

A

4 of 6, levator palpebrae superioris

75
Q

Cn III: __ limb of __ __ reflex. Carries __ __ fibers to __ ganglion

A

Efferent, pupillary light

Preganglionic pns, ciliary

76
Q

Trochlear nerve function: __ to __ __

A

Motor to superior oblique

77
Q

Opthalmic nerve v1 func: __ to eye including what

A

Lacrimal gland, superior conjunctiva, external cutaneous structures, nasal cavity, and 3 sinuses (frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoid)

78
Q

Opthalmic nerve V1: __ limb of __ reflex. Conveys __ fibers from __ ganglion to __

A

Afferrent, corneal

Autonomic, ciliary iris

79
Q

Maxillary nerve V2: __ to __ __. Conveys __ fibers from __ ganglion to __ __

A

Sensory, inferior conjunctiva

Autonomic, pterygopalatine, lacrimal glands

80
Q

Abducens nerve function: __ to __ __

A

Motor, lateral rectus

81
Q

Facial nerve function: __ limb of __ reflex. Carries __ __ fibers to __ ganglion

A

Afferrent, corneal

Preganglionic pns, pterygopalatine

Anatomy (23 decks)

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