The Terror September 1793-July 1794 Flashcards
2nd levee en masse
23rd August 1793
Bernard Bavaré
What advances were made towards war efforts?
October 1793 weapon production began in Paris
Professional training centre established
By 1794 France had a million men in arms
War successes September-October
September- siege of Dunkirk lifted
October - battle of Wattinges
Change to military generals
Removal of traditional aristocratic generals ordered by Saint Just and Carnot
1793 17 generals were executed
Replaced with Pichegru, Hoche, Jourdan
How had the national convention developed
No moderate factions remained
Ran unchallenged September 1793 to July 1794
Aimed to challenge all counter-revolutionaries
Murder of Marat
13th July 1793
By Charlotte Corday
Sans-Culottes angered
What changes were implemented following the 5th May storm of the convention by S-C
17th September - law of suspects
29th September - law of general maximum
What did Danton say on the brink of terror ?
“Let us be terrible to stop people from being so”
How many victims of the terror were there?
40,000
How many people were guillotined during the terror?
17,000
When was the popular terror?
September 1793-December 1793
What was the popular terror?
Convention declared that enemies of the revolution would destroyed or they would destroy the republic
Following law of suspects increased number of people brought before tribunal
How did cases before the revolutionary tribunal change?
March - September 1793 heard 260 cases
September-December 1793 heard 500,000 cases
When was Marie Antoinette executed?
16th October 1793
When were the girodin ministers executed?
31st October
When was Duc D’Orleans executed?
6th November
10th October 1793
Speech by Saint Just to justify an intensive terror campaign
Vendee deaths
7873 guillotined
Between November 1793-January 1794 2000 killed in noyandes (mass drownings)
Toulon terror
700 prisoners shot after captured in December 1793
Lyons
By 1794 2000 executed
Support for dechristianisation
-sans culottes
-encouraged by Hebert
-mainly concentrated in Paris -> Fouché the representative en mission in Nièvre waged a continuous campaign of religious terror from September 1793
When was dechristianisation made an official policy?
October 1793
Signs of dechristianisation
Figures on notre dame beheaded
Some replaced with busts of Marat
When did churches close?
November 1793
Notre dame
Became temple of reason
Festival of reason held there in November
Robespierre’s views towards dechristianisation
Worried that the extreme measures may bring about enemies of the revolution
He beloved faith was useful in the maintenance of order and control
Law of Frimaire II
Gave CPS direct power over CGS , ministers and generals
Popular societies disbanded
Two sides of opposition towards Robespierre
Hebertists believed that Robespierre was forming a dictatorship
Indulgents (Danton / Desmoulins) believed the terror should be scaled back
