Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

When did religious changes take place?

Answer 1

August 1789 - June 1790

Question 2

When was church land nationalised?

Answer 2

2nd November 1789

Question 3

What financial changes tool place within religious reforms?

Answer 3

Annates abolished
Tithe abolished
Church could in longer choose don gratuit figure
February 1790 church property sold

Question 4

What financial changes tool place within religious reforms?

Answer 4

Annates abolished
Tithe abolished
Church could in longer choose don gratuit figure
February 1790 church property sold

Question 5

When was full citizenship granted to Protestants?

Answer 5

January 1790

Question 6

When was the civil constitution of the clergy established?

Answer 6

12th July 1790

Question 7

What did the civil constitution of the clergy involve?

Answer 7

Administrative structure of the church was reorganised

Question 8

How were the dioceses changed

Answer 8

Boundaries redrawn
83 bishoprics compared to 195 previously

Question 9

When was Louis XVI forced to accept the CCC

Answer 9

December 1790

Question 10

What did the civil constitution of the clergy involve?

Answer 10

Church became subservient to the state
French citizens could vote to elect bishops and priests giving french people control over their ‘spirituals ‘

Question 11

When did the assembly pass the decree of the oath of the civil constitution of the clergy?

Answer 11

27th November 1790

Question 12

How many bishops were prepared to swear the oath?

Answer 12

7 out of 160

Question 13

What percentage of parish clergy too the oath to the civil constitution of the clergy?

Answer 13

55%

Question 14

What did the assembly declare in November 1791

Answer 14

Non-juring and refractory priests were ‘counter revolutionaries’

Question 15

What were the impact of church reforms?

Answer 15

-strongly catholic areas of France (primarily the north) were alarmed by the changes and turned against the assembly
-national unity in France broke down
Large numbers of the clergy fled abroad

Question 16

What act shaped political reforms and when?

Answer 16

Declaration of the rights of man August 1789

Question 17

Where did many of the ideas for political reform stem from?

Answer 17

Enlightenment philosophers eg. Montesquieu

Question 18

What new title was Louis given
When? & why?

Answer 18

King of the French
October 1790
To show that his power derived from the people and not the divine right

Question 19

What powers did Louis still have ?

Answer 19

September 1789 granted suspensory veto

Question 20

What was the decided structure of the new constitution?

Answer 20

One elected governing body
Elected by active citizens
Known as the assembly

Question 21

How was were old provinces reorganised and when did this occur?

Answer 21

Reorganised in 83 deapartements
November 1789

Question 22

How was the idea of decentralisation seen in the new departments?

Answer 22

Each department had an elected council of 36
This was the further divided into a directorate of 8
This meant that there was no central government representation

Question 23

When did the changes to the organisation of courts an citizens legal rights take place?

Answer 23

October 1789-August 1790

Question 24

How were courts now organised?

Answer 24

Hierarchy of courts created
-justices of peace (minor civil cases)
-district courts (more severe cases)
-each department had a court in its capital for criminal cases

Question 25

How was venality eradicated within the judicial reforms?

Answer 25

Judges were to be paid salaries and not rely on fees from those whom they served.

Question 26

What new legal rights were established ?

Answer 26

-each accused person was brought before a judge within 24 hours
-accused were assisted with a lawyer
-capital punishment was now by guillotine (more humane/not only restricted to 1st/2nd estate)
-accused persons property could not be seized

Question 27

Despite the august decrees which taxes still remained and until when?

Answer 27

Gabelle (salt tax) - march 1790
Aides (drinks tax) - 1791

Question 28

What were assignats?

Answer 28

Government bonds
Person loaned money to the government but could exchange the bond for church lands
This was known as bien nationaux

Question 29

What were the issues assisted with fiscal policies?

Answer 29

Many ordinary artisans and peasants expected the burden of taxation to fall once the privileged classes were also taxed however this did not happen.

Question 30

What did the deputies put forward to sort taxation and when?

Answer 30

1791
Economic restructuring programme

Question 31

What did the economic restructuring programme involve?

Answer 31

-land tax
-property tax
-commercial action tax
The system was much fairer however the tax load remained fairly the same

Question 32

What were some economic policies?

Answer 32

-august 1789 internal traffic disappeared
-corporate bodies eg. Monopolies & restrictive guilds were abolished in 1791
-emergence of new land owning bourgeoisie who employed new profitable farming measures

Question 33

Issues with economic policies

Answer 33

They were not universally beneficial
Bourgeoisie benefited, peasants lost out
Merchants sought to maximise profits causing increased food prices

Question 34

What law limited the formation of trade unions and when?

Answer 34

Le chapelier law June 1791

Question 35

What social changes occurred during the august decrees?

Answer 35

Venality / privileges abolished
Everyone now referred to as citoyen/citoyenne
Individual rights and liberties protected
Much fairer justice under new court system

Question 36

Issues with social changes

Answer 36

Social change occurred in theory
Divisions of gender, wealth and office replaced those based on birth
Active citizens had more rights than passive ones
Bourgeoisie benefited the most, had more political influence, owned more land and could hold new positions within society