Attempts To Establish A Constitutional Monarchy Flashcards
When did religious changes take place?
August 1789 - June 1790
When was church land nationalised?
2nd November 1789
What financial changes tool place within religious reforms?
Annates abolished
Tithe abolished
Church could in longer choose don gratuit figure
February 1790 church property sold
What financial changes tool place within religious reforms?
Annates abolished
Tithe abolished
Church could in longer choose don gratuit figure
February 1790 church property sold
When was full citizenship granted to Protestants?
January 1790
When was the civil constitution of the clergy established?
12th July 1790
What did the civil constitution of the clergy involve?
Administrative structure of the church was reorganised
How were the dioceses changed
Boundaries redrawn
83 bishoprics compared to 195 previously
When was Louis XVI forced to accept the CCC
December 1790
What did the civil constitution of the clergy involve?
Church became subservient to the state
French citizens could vote to elect bishops and priests giving french people control over their ‘spirituals ‘
When did the assembly pass the decree of the oath of the civil constitution of the clergy?
27th November 1790
How many bishops were prepared to swear the oath?
7 out of 160
What percentage of parish clergy too the oath to the civil constitution of the clergy?
55%
What did the assembly declare in November 1791
Non-juring and refractory priests were ‘counter revolutionaries’
What were the impact of church reforms?
-strongly catholic areas of France (primarily the north) were alarmed by the changes and turned against the assembly
-national unity in France broke down
Large numbers of the clergy fled abroad
What act shaped political reforms and when?
Declaration of the rights of man August 1789
Where did many of the ideas for political reform stem from?
Enlightenment philosophers eg. Montesquieu
What new title was Louis given
When? & why?
King of the French
October 1790
To show that his power derived from the people and not the divine right
What powers did Louis still have ?
September 1789 granted suspensory veto
What was the decided structure of the new constitution?
One elected governing body
Elected by active citizens
Known as the assembly
How was were old provinces reorganised and when did this occur?
Reorganised in 83 deapartements
November 1789
How was the idea of decentralisation seen in the new departments?
Each department had an elected council of 36
This was the further divided into a directorate of 8
This meant that there was no central government representation
When did the changes to the organisation of courts an citizens legal rights take place?
October 1789-August 1790
How were courts now organised?
Hierarchy of courts created
-justices of peace (minor civil cases)
-district courts (more severe cases)
-each department had a court in its capital for criminal cases
How was venality eradicated within the judicial reforms?
Judges were to be paid salaries and not rely on fees from those whom they served.
What new legal rights were established ?
-each accused person was brought before a judge within 24 hours
-accused were assisted with a lawyer
-capital punishment was now by guillotine (more humane/not only restricted to 1st/2nd estate)
-accused persons property could not be seized
Despite the august decrees which taxes still remained and until when?
Gabelle (salt tax) - march 1790
Aides (drinks tax) - 1791
What were assignats?
Government bonds
Person loaned money to the government but could exchange the bond for church lands
This was known as bien nationaux
What were the issues assisted with fiscal policies?
Many ordinary artisans and peasants expected the burden of taxation to fall once the privileged classes were also taxed however this did not happen.
What did the deputies put forward to sort taxation and when?
1791
Economic restructuring programme
What did the economic restructuring programme involve?
-land tax
-property tax
-commercial action tax
The system was much fairer however the tax load remained fairly the same
What were some economic policies?
-august 1789 internal traffic disappeared
-corporate bodies eg. Monopolies & restrictive guilds were abolished in 1791
-emergence of new land owning bourgeoisie who employed new profitable farming measures
Issues with economic policies
They were not universally beneficial
Bourgeoisie benefited, peasants lost out
Merchants sought to maximise profits causing increased food prices
What law limited the formation of trade unions and when?
Le chapelier law June 1791
What social changes occurred during the august decrees?
Venality / privileges abolished
Everyone now referred to as citoyen/citoyenne
Individual rights and liberties protected
Much fairer justice under new court system
Issues with social changes
Social change occurred in theory
Divisions of gender, wealth and office replaced those based on birth
Active citizens had more rights than passive ones
Bourgeoisie benefited the most, had more political influence, owned more land and could hold new positions within society
